Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html.

Regulation No 72 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor cycle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and a driving beam and equipped with halogen lamps (HS

1 lamps)

Incorporating all valid text up to:

01 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 12 September 2001

CONTENTS

Scope

Definitions

Application for approval

Markings

Approval

General specifications

Requirements for illumination

Provisions concerning coloured lenses and filters

Standard (reference) headlamp

10.

Observation concerning colour

11.

Conformity of production

12.

Penalties for non conformity of production

13.

Modification of headlamp type and extension of approval

14.

Production definitely discontinued

15.

Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments

Transitional provisions

ANNEXES

Annex 1

Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of motor cycle headlamp pursuant to Regulation No 72

Annex 2

Verification of conformity of production of headlamps equipped with HS

lamps

Annex 3

Arrangements of approval marks

Annex 4

Measuring screen

Annex 5

Tests for stability of photometric performance of headlamps in operation

Annex 6

Requirements for lamps incorporating lenses of plastic material - testing of lens or material samples and of complete lamps.

1. SCOPE

This Regulation applies to the approval of headlamps equipped with halogen filament lamps (HS

) and incorporating lenses of glass or plastic material(1) which are provided for the equipment of motor cycles and vehicles treated as such.

2. DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Regulation,

2.1.

"Lens" means that outermost component of the headlamp (unit) which transmits light through the illuminating surface;

2.2.

"Coating" means any product or products applied in one or more layers to the outer face of a lens;

2.3.

Headlamps of different "types" are headlamps which differ in such essential respects as:

2.3.1.

The trade name or mark;

2.3.2.

The characteristics of the optical systems;

2.3.3.

The inclusion or elimination of components capable of altering the optical effects by reflection, refraction or absorption and/or deformation during operation. A change in the colour of the beams emitted by headlamps whose other characteristics are not changed does not constitute a change of headlamp type. The same approval number shall accordingly be assigned to such headlamps;

2.3.4.

Suitability for right-hand or left-hand traffic or for both traffic systems;

2.3.5.

The materials constituting the lenses and coating, if any.

3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1.

The application for approval of a headlamp shall be submitted by the owner of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative. The application shall specify:

3.1.1.

Whether the headlamp is designed for both left-hand and right-hand traffic or for either left-hand or right-hand traffic only.

3.2.

Any application for approval shall be accompanied by:

3.2.1.

Drawings in triplicate in sufficient detail to permit identification of the type and representing a frontal view of the headlamp, with details of lens ribbing if any, and the cross-section; the drawings shall indicate the space reserved for the approval mark;

3.2.2.

A brief technical description;

3.2.3.

Two samples of the type of headlamp with colourless lenses;

3.2.3.1.

For the testing of a coloured filter or coloured screen (or of a coloured lens): two samples.

3.2.4.

for the test of plastic material of which the lenses are made:

3.2.4.1.

thirteen lenses;

3.2.4.1.1.

six of these lenses may be replaced by six samples of material at least 60 × 80 mm in size, having a flat or convex outer surface and a substantially flat area (radius of curvature not less than 300 mm) in the middle measuring at least 15 × 15 mm;,

3.2.4.1.2.

every such lens or sample of material shall be produced by the method to be used in mass production;

3.2.4.2.

a reflector to which the lenses can be fitted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.3.

The materials making up the lenses and coatings, if any, shall be accompanied by the test report of the characteristics of these materials and coatings if they have already been tested.

3.4.

The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.

4. MARKINGS(2)

4.1.

Headlamps submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the applicant; this mark must be clearly legible and be indelible.

4.2.

They shall comprise, on the lens and on the main body(3), spaces of sufficient size for the approval mark and the additional symbols referred to in paragraph 5.4.2; these spaces shall be indicated on the drawings referred to in paragraph 3.2.1 above.

4.3.

Headlamps designed to satisfy the requirements both of right-hand and of left-hand traffic shall bear markings indicating the two settings of the optical unit on the vehicle or of the lamp on the reflector; these markings shall consist of the letters "R/D" for the position for right-hand traffic and the letters "L/G" for the position for left-hand traffic.

5. APPROVAL

5.1.

If all the samples of a type of headlamp which are submitted in accordance with paragraph 3.2.3 above meet the requirements of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.

5.2.

An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The number so assigned shall not be assigned by the same Contracting Party to another type of headlamp covered by this Regulation(4) except in the case of an extension of approval to a headlamp differing only in the colour of the light emitted.

5.3.

Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a headlamp type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

5.4.

There shall be placed on every headlamp conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in the spaces referred to in paragraph 4.2 above, in addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 4.1 above, an international approval mark(5) consisting of:

5.4.1.

A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval(6);

5.4.2.

The approval number and the following additional symbol or symbols placed close to the circle:

5.4.2.1.

On headlamps meeting left-hand traffic requirements only, a horizontal arrow pointing to the right of an observer facing the headlamp, i.e. to the side of the road on which traffic moves;

5.4.2.2.

On headlamps designed to meet the requirements of both traffic systems by means of an appropriate adjustment of the setting of the optical unit or the lamp, a horizontal arrow with a head on each end, the heads pointing respectively to the left and to the right;

5.4.2.3.

The letters "MBH" placed opposite to the approval number.

5.4.2.4.

In every case the relevant operation mode used during the test procedure according to paragraph 1.1.1.1 of annex 5 and the allowed voltage(s) according to paragraph 1.1.1.2 of annex 5 shall be stipulated on the approval certificates and on the notice transmitted to the countries which are Contracting Parties to Agreement and which apply this Regulation.

In the corresponding cases the device shall be marked as follows:

On units meeting the requirements of this Regulation which are so designed that the filament of the passing beam shall not be lit simultaneously with that of any other lighting function with which it may be reciprocally incorporated:

an oblique stroke (/) shall be placed behind the passing lamp symbol in the approval mark.

5.4.2.5.

On headlamps incorporating a lens of plastic material, the group of letters "PL" shall be affixed near the symbols prescribed in paragraphs 5.4.2.1 to 5.4.2.4 above;

5.5.

The marks and symbols referred to in paragraph 5.4 above shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

5.6.

Annex 3 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks and additional symbols referred to above.

6. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

6.1.

Each sample of a type of headlamp shall conform to the specifications set forth in this paragraph and in paragraphs 7 to 9 below.

6.2.

Headlamps shall be so designed and constructed that, in normal use, in spite of the vibrations to which they may then be subjected, their satisfactory operation continues to be ensured and they retain the characteristics prescribed by this Regulation.

6.2.1.

Headlamps shall be fitted with a device enabling them to be so adjusted on the vehicle as to comply with the rules applicable to them. Such a device need not be fitted on components in which the reflector and the diffusing lens cannot be separated, provided the use of such components is confined to vehicles on which the headlamps setting can be adjusted by other means.

Where a headlamp providing a driving beam and a headlamp providing a passing beam, each equipped with its own lamp, are assembled to form a composite unit the adjusting device shall enable each optical system individually to be duly adjusted.

6.2.2.

However, these provisions shall not apply to headlamp assemblies whose reflectors are indivisible. For this type of assembly the requirements of paragraph 7.3 of the present Regulation shall apply. Where more than one light source is used to provide the main beam, the combined functions shall be used to determine the maximum value of the illumination (E

max

6.3.

The components by which the filament lamp is fixed to the reflector shall be so made that, even in darkness, the filament lamp can be fixed in no position but the correct one.

6.4.

The correct position of the lens in relation to the optical system shall be unequivocally marked and be blocked against rotation in service.

6.5.

Headlamps designed to satisfy the requirements both of right-hand and of left-hand traffic may be adapted for traffic on a given side of the road either by an appropriate initial setting when fitted on the vehicle or by selective setting by the user. Such initial or selective setting may consist, for example, of fixing either the optical unit at a given angle on the vehicle or the lamp at a given angle in relation to the optical unit. In all cases, only two different and clearly distinct settings, one for right-hand and one for left-hand traffic, shall be possible, and the design shall preclude inadvertent shifting from one setting to the other or setting in an intermediate position. Where two different setting positions are provided for the lamp, the components for attaching the lamp to the reflector must be so designed and made that, in each of its two settings, the lamp will be held in position with the precision required for headlamps designed for traffic on only one side of the road. Conformity with the requirements of this paragraph shall be verified by visual inspection and, where necessary, by a test fitting.

6.6.

Complementary tests shall be done according to the requirements of annex 5 to ensure that in use there is no excessive change in photometric performance.

6.7.

If the lens of the headlamp is of plastic material, tests shall be done according to the requirements of annex 6.

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR ILLUMINATION

7.1. General provisions

7.1.1.

Headlamps shall be so made that with suitable HS

lamps they give adequate illumination without dazzle when emitting the passing beam, and good illumination when emitting the driving beam.

7.1.2.

The illumination produced by the headlamp shall be determined by means of a vertical screen set up 25 m forward of the headlamp as shown in annex 4 to this Regulation.

7.1.3.

The headlamps shall be checked by means of an uncoloured standard (reference) lamp designed for a rated voltage of 12 V. In the case of headlamps which may be fitted with selective-yellow filters(7) such filters shall be replaced by geometrically identical uncoloured filters with a transmission factor of at least 80 per cent. During the checking of the headlamp the voltage at the terminals of the lamp must be regulated so as to obtain the following characteristics:

Consumption

in watts

Light flux

in lumens

passing filament

approx. 35

450

driving filament

approx. 35

700

The headlamp shall be considered acceptable if it meets the requirements of this paragraph 7 with at least one standard (reference) lamp, which may be submitted with the headlamp.

7.1.4.

The dimensions determining the position of the filaments inside the HS

standard filament lamp are shown in Regulation No 37.

7.1.5.

The bulb of the standard filament lamp must be of such shape and optical quality that it causes a minimum of reflection and refraction adversely affecting the light distribution.

7.2. Provisions concerning passing beams

7.2.1.

The passing beam must produce a sufficiently sharp "cut-off" to permit satisfactory adjustment with its aid. The "cut-off" must be a horizontal straight line on the side opposite to the direction of the traffic for which the headlamp is intended; on the other side, it must not extend beyond either the broken line HV H

formed by a straight line HV H

making a 45° angle with the horizontal and the straight line H

, 1 per cent above the straight line hh or the straight line HV H

, inclined at an angle of 15° above the horizontal (see annex 4). A cut-off extending beyond both line HV H

and line H

and resulting from a combination of the two above possibilities shall in no circumstances be permitted.

7.2.2.

The headlamp shall be so aimed that:

7.2.2.1.

In the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of right-hand traffic, the "cut-off" on the left half of the screen(8) is horizontal and, in the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of left-hand traffic, the "cut-off" on the right half of the screen is horizontal;

7.2.2.2.

This horizontal part of the "cut-off" is situated on the screen 25 cm below the level of the horizontal plane passing through the focus of the headlamp (see annex 4);

7.2.2.3.

The "apex" of the "cut-off" is on line vv(9).

7.2.3.

When so aimed, the headlamp shall comply with the requirements set out in paragraphs 7.2.5 to 7.2.7 and 7.3.

7.2.4.

Where a headlamp so directed does not meet the requirements set out in paragraphs 7.2.5 to 7.2.7 and 7.3 its alignment may be changed provided that the axis of the beam is not displaced laterally by more than 1° (= 44 cm) to the right or left(10). To facilitate alignment by means of the "cut-off", the headlamp may be partially occulted in order to sharpen the "cut-off".

7.2.5.

The illumination produced on the screen by the passing beam shall meet the following requirements:

Point on measuring screen				Required Illumination in lux
Headlamps for right-hand traffic		Headlamps for left-hand traffic		Required Illumination in lux
Point B	50 L	Point B	50 R	≤ 0,3
Point	75 R	Point	75 L	≥ 6
Point	50 R	Point	50 L	≥ 6
Point	25 L	Point	25 R	≥ 1,5
Point	25 R	Point	25 L	≥ 1,5
Any point in zone III				≤ 0,7
Any point in zone IV				≥ 2
Any point in zone I				≤ 20

7.2.6.

There shall be no lateral variations detrimental to good visibility in any of the zones I, II, III and IV.

7.2.7.

Headlamps designed to meet the requirements of both right-hand and left-hand traffic must, in each of the two setting positions of the optical unit or of the lamp, meet the requirements set forth above for the corresponding direction of traffic.

7.3. Provisions concerning driving beams

7.3.1.

Measurements of the illumination produced on the screen by the driving beam shall be taken with the same headlamp alignment as for measurements under paragraphs 7.2.5 to 7.2.7 above.

7.3.2.

The illumination produced on the screen by the driving beam shall meet the following requirements:

7.3.2.1.

The point of intersection HV of lines hh and vv shall be situated within the isolux 90 per cent of maximum illumination. The maximum value (E

m,ax

) shall not be less than 32 lux. The maximum value shall not exceed 240 lux.

7.3.2.2.

Starting from point HV, horizontally to the right and left, the illumination shall be not less than 16 lux up to a distance of 1,125 m and not less than 4 lux up to a distance of 2,25 m.

7.4. The screen illumination values mentioned in paragraphs 7.2.5 to 7.2.7 and 7.3 above shall be measured by means of a photo-receptor, the effective area of which shall be contained within a square of 65 mm side.

8. PROVISIONS CONCERNING COLOURED LENSES AND FILTERS

8.1.

Approval may be obtained for headlamps emitting either colourless or selective-yellow lights with an uncoloured lamp. Expressed in CIE trichromatic co-ordinates, the corresponding colorimetric characteristics for yellow lenses or filters are as follows:

Selective-yellow filter (screen or lens)

Limit towards red	[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]
Limit towards green	[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]
Limit towards white	[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]
Limit towards spectral value	[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]
which can also be expressed as follows:
dominant wave-length	575 – 585 nm
purity factor	0,90 – 0,98
The transmission factor must be	≥ 0,78

The transmission factor shall be determined by using a light source with a colour temperature of 2 856 °K(11).

8.2.

The filter must be part of the headlamp, and must be attached to it in such a way that the user cannot remove it either inadvertently or, with ordinary tools, intentionally.

9. STANDARD (REFERENCE) HEADLAMP(12)

A headlamp shall be deemed to be a standard (reference) headlamp if it:

9.1.

Satisfies the above-mentioned requirements for approval;

9.2.

Has an effective diameter of not less than 160 mm;

9.3.

Provides, with a standard (reference) lamp, at the various points and in the various zones referred to in paragraph 7.2.5, illumination equal to:

9.3.1.

Not more than 90 per cent of the maximum limits and

9.3.2.

Not less than 120 per cent of the minimum limits, prescribed in the table in paragraph 7.2.5.

10. OBSERVATION CONCERNING COLOUR

Since any approval under this Regulation is granted, pursuant to paragraph 8.1 above, for a type of headlamp emitting either colourless light or selective-yellow light, article 3 of the Agreement to which the regulation is annexed shall not prevent the Contracting Parties from prohibiting headlamps emitting a beam of uncoloured or selective-yellow light on vehicles registered by them.

11. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

Every headlamp bearing an approval mark as prescribed under this Regulation shall conform to the approved type and meet the photometric and colorimetric requirements set forth above. Compliance with these provisions shall be verified in accordance with annex 2 and paragraph 3 of annex 5 to this Regulation and if applicable paragraph 3 of annex 6 to this Regulation.

12. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

12.1.

The approval granted in respect of a headlamp type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met or if a headlamp bearing the approval mark does not conform to the type approved.

12.2.

If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

13. MODIFICATION OF HEADLAMP TYPE AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL

13.1.

Every modification of the headlamp type shall be notified to the administrative department which granted the type approval. The department may then either:

13.1.1.

Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse effects and that in any case the type of headlamp complies with the requirements; or

13.1.2.

Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

13.2.

Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

13.3.

The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

14. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a headlamp approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

15. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS

The Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.

16. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

16.1.

As from six months after the official date of entry into force of Regulation No 112, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall cease to grant ECE approvals according to this Regulation.

16.2.

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant extensions of approval to the 01 series of amendments or the original version of this Regulation.

16.3.

Approvals granted under this Regulation before the date of entry into force of Regulation No 112 and all extensions of approvals, including those to the original version of this Regulation granted subsequently, shall remain valid indefinitely.

16.4.

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to issue approvals for headlamps on the basis of the 01 series of amendments or the original version of this Regulation, provided that the headlamps are intended as replacements for fitting to vehicles in use.

16.5.

As from the official date of entry into force of Regulation No 112, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall prohibit the fitting on a new vehicle type of a headlamp approved under Regulation No 112.

16.6.

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to allow fitting on a vehicle type or vehicle of a headlamp approved to this Regulation.

16.7.

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to allow fitting or use on a vehicle in use of a headlamp approved to this Regulation in its original version, provided that the headlamp is intended for replacement.

(1) Nothing in this Regulation shall prevent a Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation from prohibiting the combination of a headlamp incorporating a lens of plastic material approved under this Regulation with a mechanical headlamp-cleaning device (with wipers).

(2) In the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of traffic moving on one side of the road only (either right or left), it is further recommended that the area which can be occulted to prevent discomfort to users in a country where traffic moves on the side of the road opposite to that of the country for which the headlamp was designed should be outlined indelibly on the front glass. This marking is not necessary, however, where the area is clearly apparent from the design.

(3) If the lens cannot be detached from the main body of the headlamp, a space on the lens shall be sufficient.

(4) A change in the colour of the beams emitted by headlamps whose other characteristics are not changed does not constitute a change of headlamp type. The same approval number shall accordingly be assigned to such headlamps (see paragraph 2.3).

(5) If different types of headlamps have an identical lens, the lens may bear the several approval marks of these type of headlamps, on condition that the main body of the headlamp, even if it cannot be separated from the lens, is also provided with the space referred to in paragraph 4.2 above and bears the approval mark of the type of headlamp. If different types of headlamps have an identical main body, it may bear the several approval marks for these types of headlamps.

(6) The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1.

(7) These filters shall consist of all the components, including the lens, intended to colour the light.

(8) The test screen must be sufficiently wide to allow examination of the "cut off" over a range of at least 5° on either side of the line vv.

(9) If the beam does not have a cut off with a clear "apex", the lateral adjustment shall be effected in the manner which best satisfies the requirements for illumination at points 75 R and 50 R for right hand traffic and for points 75 L and 50 L for left hand traffic.

(10) The limit of realignment of l° towards the right or left is not incompatible with upward or downward vertical realignment. The latter is limited only by the requirements of paragraph 7.3. However, the horizontal part of the "cut off" should not extend beyond the line hh.

(11) Corresponding to illuminant A of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).

(12) Different values may be accepted provisionally. In the absence of definitive specifications, the use of an approved headlamp is recommended.

ANNEX 1

COMMUNICATION

(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

ANNEX 2

VERIFICATION OF CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION OF HEADLAMPS

EQUIPPED WITH HS

1 LAMPS

Headlamps bearing an approval mark shall conform to the approved type.

The requirement of conformity shall be deemed satisfied from a mechanical and geometrical standpoint if the discrepancies do not exceed inevitable manufacturing errors.

As regards photometric performance, the conformity of headlamps of the series will not be contested(1) if, during photometric tests of any headlamp, selected at random and equipped with a standard (reference) lamp;

3.1.

None of the values measured deviates unfavourably by more than 20 per cent from the prescribed value (for values B 50 R or L and zone III, the maximum unfavourable deviation may be 0,2 lux (B 50 R or L), or 0,3 lux (zone III);

3.2.

or if

3.2.1.

for the passing beam, the prescribed values are met at HV (with a tolerance of 0,2 lux) and at least one point of the area delimited on the measuring screen (at 25 m) by a circle 15 cm in radius around points B 50 R or L (with a tolerance of 0,1 lux), 75 R or L, 50 R or L, 25 R or L, and in the entire area of zone IV which is not more than 22,5 cm above line 25 R and 25 L;

3.2.2.

and if, for the driving beam, HV being situated within the isolux 0,75 Emax, a tolerance of 20 per cent is observed for the photometric values.

If the results of the tests described in paragraph 3 above do not satisfy the requirements, the tests for the headlamp in question shall be repeated with another standard (reference) lamp.

(1) It is recommended that the authorities of the country of manufacture should refer to the results of any statistical checks made by the manufacturer rather than undertake the checks mentioned in paragraph 3.

ANNEX 3

ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS

(see paragraph 5 of this Regulation)

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Figure 1

a= 12 mm min.

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp meeting the requirements of this Regulation and is designed for right-hand traffic only.

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

a= 12 mm min.

Figure 2

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp meeting the requirements of this Regulation and is designed:

For left-hand traffic only.

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Figure 3

For both traffic systems by means of an appropriate adjustment of the setting of the optical unit or the lamp on the vehicle.

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Figure 4

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp meeting the requirements of this Regulation and is so designed that the filament of the passing lamp shall not be lit together simultaneously with the driving beam and/or another reciprocally incorporated lighting function.

Note:

The above headlamps bearing the above approval marks have been approved in the Netherlands (E/4) under No 002439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation in its original form.

The approval number must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the "E" or to left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the "E" and face in the same direction. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Figure 5

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp incorporating a lens of plastic material and meeting the requirements of this Regulation.

It is so designed that the filament of the passing beam can be lit together simultaneously with the driving beam and/or another reciprocally incorporated lighting function.

ANNEX 4

MEASURING SCREEN

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Headlamp for right-hand traffic(1)

(Dimensions in mm)

h-h

horizontal plane) passing through

v-v

vertical plane) focus of headlamp

(1) The measuring screen for left-hand traffic is symmetrical to the v-v line in this annex.

ANNEX 5

TESTS FOR STABILITY OF PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF HEADLAMPS IN OPERATION

TESTS ON COMPLETE HEADLAMPS

Once the photometric values have been measured according to the prescriptions of this Regulation, in points for E

max

for driving beam and HV, 50 R, B 50 L for passing beam (or HV, 50 L, B 50 R for headlamps designed for left-hand traffic) a complete headlamp sample shall be tested for stability of photometric performance in operation. "Complete headlamp" shall be understood to mean the complete lamp itself including those surrounding body parts and lamps which could influence its thermal dissipation.

1. TEST FOR STABILITY OF PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE

The tests shall be carried out in a dry and still atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C, the complete headlamps being mounted on a base representative of the correct installation on the vehicle.

1.1. Clean headlamp

The headlamp shall be operated for 12 hours as described in subparagraph 1.1.1 and checked as prescribed in subparagraph 1.1.2.

1.1.1. Test procedure

The headlamp shall be operated for a period according to the specified time, so that:

(a) In the case where only one lighting function (driving or passing beam) is to be approved, the corresponding filament is lit for the prescribed time(1),

(b) In the case of a reciprocally incorporated passing lamp and driving lamp (dual filament lamp or two filament lamps):

If the applicant declares that the headlamp is to be used with a single filament lit(2) at a time, the test shall be carried out in accordance with this condition, activating each specified function successively for half the time specified in paragraph 1.1;

In all other cases, the headlamp shall be subjected to the following cycle until the time specified is reached:

15 minutes, passing-beam filament lit

5 minutes, all filaments lit.

(c) In the case of grouped lighting functions all the individual functions shall be lit simultaneously for the time specified for individual lighting functions (a) also taking into account the use of reciprocally incorporated lighting functions, (b) according to the manufacturer's specifications.

1.1.1.2. Test voltage

The voltage shall be adjusted so as to supply 90 per cent of the maximum wattage specified for filament lamps category HS

in Regulation No 37.

1.1.2. Test results

1.1.2.1. Visual inspection

Once the headlamp has been stabilized to the ambient temperature, the headlamp lens and the external lens, if any, shall be cleaned with a clean, damp cotton cloth. It shall then be inspected visually; no distortion, deformation, cracking or change in colour of either the headlamp lens or the external lens, if any, shall be noticeable.

1.1.2.2. Photometric test

To comply with the requirements of this Regulation, the photometric values shall be verified in the following points:

Passing beam:

50 R - B 50 L - HV for headlamps designed for right-hand traffic,

50 L - B 50 R - HV for headlamps designed for left-hand traffic.

Driving beam:

Point of E

max

Another aiming may be carried out to allow for any deformation of the headlamp base due to heat (the change of the position of the cut-off line is covered in paragraph 2 of this annex).

A 10 % discrepancy between the photometric characteristics and the values measured prior to the test is permissible including the tolerances of the photometric procedure.

1.2 Dirty headlamp

After being tested as specified in subparagraph 1.1 above, the headlamp shall be operated for one hour as described in subparagraph 1.1.1, after being prepared as prescribed in subparagraph 1.2.1, and checked as prescribed in subparagraph 1.1.2.

1.2.1. Preparation of the headlamp

1.2.1.1. Test mixture

1.2.1.1.1.

For headlamp with the outside lens in glass:

The mixture of water and a polluting agent to be applied to the headlamp shall be composed of:

9 parts by weight of silica sand with a particle size of 0-100 μm,

1 part by weight of vegetal carbon dust (beechwood) with a particle size of 0-100 μm,

0,2 part by weight of NaCMC(3), and

an appropriate quantity of distilled water, with a conductivity of ≤ 1 mS/m.

The mixture must not be more than 14 days old.

1.2.1.1.2.

For headlamp with outside lens in plastic material:

The mixture of water and polluting agent to be applied to the headlamp shall be composed of:

9 parts by weight of silica sand with a particle size of 0-100 μm,

1 part by weight of vegetal carbon dust (beechwood) with a particle size of 0-100 μm,

0,2 part by weight of NaCMC,

13 parts by weight of distilled water with a conductivity of ≤ 1 mS/m, and

2 ± 1 parts by weight of surface-actant(4).

The mixture must not be more than 14 days old.

1.2.1.2. Application of the test mixture to the headlamp

The test mixture shall be uniformly applied to the entire light emitting surface of the headlamp and then left to dry. This procedure shall be repeated until the illumination value has dropped to 15-20 per cent of the values measured for each following point under the conditions described in this annex:

Point of E

max

in driving beam, photometric distribution for a driving/passing lamp,

Point of E

max

in driving beam, photometric distribution for a driving lamp only,

50 R and 50 V(5) for a passing lamp only, designed for right-hand traffic,

50 L and 50 V for a passing lamp only, designed for left-hand traffic.

1.2.1.3. Measuring equipment

The measuring equipment shall be equivalent to that used during headlamp approval tests. A standard (reference) filament lamp shall be used for the photometric verification.

2. TEST FOR CHANGE IN VERTICAL POSITION OF THE CUT-OFF LINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT

This test consists of verifying that the vertical drift of the cut-off line under the influence of heat does not exceed a specified value for an operating passing lamp.

The headlamp tested in accordance with paragraph 1, shall be subjected to the test described in 2.1, without being removed from or readjusted in relation to its test fixture.

2.1. Test

The test shall be carried out in a dry and still atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C.

Using a mass production filament lamp which has been aged for at least one hour the headlamp shall be operated on passing beam without being dismounted from or readjusted in relation to its test fixture. (For the purpose of this test, the voltage shall be adjusted as specified in paragraph 1.1.1.2) The position of the cut-off line in its horizontal part (between vv and the vertical line passing through point B 50 L for right-hand traffic or B 50 R for left-hand traffic) shall be verified 3 minutes (r3) and 60 minutes (r60) respectively after operation.

The measurement of the variation in the cut-off line position as described above shall be carried out by any method giving acceptable accuracy and reproducible results.

2.2 Test results

2.2.1

The result in milliradians (mrad) shall be considered as acceptable for a passing lamp, only when the absolute value

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

recorded on the headlamp is not more than 1,0 mrad (Δr

≤ 1,0 mrad).

2.2.2

However, if this value is more than 1,0 mrad but not more than 1,5 mrad (1,0 mrad < Δr

≤ 1,5 mrad) a second headlamp shall be tested as described in paragraph 2.1 after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle as described below, in order to stabilize the position of mechanical parts of the headlamp on a base representative of the correct installation on the vehicle:

Operation of the passing lamp for one hour (the voltage shall be adjusted as specified in paragraph 1.1.1.2),

Period of rest for one hour.

The headlamp type shall be considered as acceptable if the mean value of the absolute values Δr

measured on the first sample and Δr

measured on the second sample is not more than 1,0 mrad

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

3. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

One of the sampled headlamps shall be tested according to the procedure described in paragraph 2.1 after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle described in paragraph 2.2.2. The headlamp shall be considered as acceptable if Δr does not exceed 1,5 mrad.

If this value exceeds 1,5 mrad but is not more than 2,0 mrad, a second headlamp shall be subjected to the test after which the mean of the absolute values recorded on both samples shall not exceed 1,5 rad.

(1) When the tested headlamp is grouped and/or reciprocally incorporated with signalling lamps, the latter shall be lit for the duration of the test. In the case of a direction indicator lamp, it shall be lit in flashing operation mode with an on/off time ratio of approximately one to one.

(2) Should two or more lamp filaments be simultaneously lit when headlamp flashing is used, this shall not be considered as being normal use of the filaments simultaneously.

(3) NaCMC represents the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, customarily referred to as CMC. The NaCMC used in the dirt mixture shall have a degree of substitution (DS) of 0,6-0,7 and a viscosity of 200-300 cP for a 2 % solution at 20 °C.

(4) The tolerance on quantity is due to the necessity of obtaining a dirt that correctly spreads out on all the plastic lens.

(5) 50 V is situated 375 mm below HV on the vertical line v-v on the screen at 25 m distance.

ANNEX 6

REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMPS INCORPORATING LENSES OF PLASTIC MATERIAL — TESTING OF LENS OR MATERIAL SAMPLES AND OF COMPLETE LAMPS

1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.1.

The samples supplied pursuant to paragraph 3.2.4 of this Regulation shall satisfy the specifications indicated in paragraphs 2.1 to 2.5 below.

1.2.

The two samples of complete lamps supplied pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3 of this Regulation and incorporating lenses of plastic material shall, with regard to the lens material, satisfy the specifications indicated in paragraph 2.6 below.

1.3.

The samples of lenses of plastic material or samples of material shall be subjected, with the reflector to which they are intended to be fitted (where applicable), to approval tests in the chronological order indicated in table A reproduced in appendix 1 to this annex.

1.4.

However, if the lamp manufacturer can prove that the product has already passed the tests prescribed in paragraphs 2.1-2.5 below, or the equivalent tests pursuant to another Regulation, those tests need not be repeated; only the tests prescribed in appendix 1, table B, shall be mandatory.

2. TESTS

2.1. Resistance to temperature changes

2.1.1. Tests

Three new samples (lenses) shall be subjected to five cycles of temperature and humidity (RH = relative humidity) change in accordance with the following programme:

3 hours at 40 °C ± 2 °C and 85-95 % RH;

1 hour at 23 °C ± 5 °C and 60-75 % RH;

15 hours at – 30 °C ± 2 °C;

1 hour at 23 °C ± 5 °C and 60-75 % RH;

3 hours at 80 °C ± 2 °C;

1 hour at 23 °C ± 5 °C and 60-75 % RH;

Before this test, the samples shall be kept at 23 °C ± 5 °C and 60-75 % RH for at least four hours.

Note:

The periods of one hour at 23 °C ± 5 °C shall include the periods of transition from one temperature to another which are needed in order to avoid thermal shock effects.

2.1.2. Photometric measurements

2.1.2.1. Method

Photometric measurements shall be carried out on the samples before and after the test.

These measurements shall be made using a standard lamp, at the following points:

B 50 L and 50 R for the passing beam of a passing lamp or a passing/driving lamp (B 50 R and 50 L in the case of headlamps intended for left-hand traffic);

max

for the driving beam of a driving lamp or a passing/driving lamp.

2.1.2.2. Results

The variation between the photometric values measured on each sample before and after the test shall not exceed 10 % including the tolerances of the photometric procedure.

2.2. Resistance to atmospheric and chemical agents

2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents

Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5 500 K and 6 000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2 500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1 200 W/m

± 200 W/m

for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4 500 MJ/m

± 200 MJ/m

. Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C ± 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 min.

The samples shall be sprayed with distilled water of conductivity lower than 1 mS/m at a temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C, in accordance with the following cycle:

spraying

5 minutes;

drying

25 minutes.

2.2.2. Resistance to chemical agents

After the test described in paragraph 2.2.1 above and the measurement described in paragraph 2.2.3.1 below have been carried out, the outer face of the said three samples shall be treated as described in paragraph 2.2.2.2 with the mixture defined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 below.

2.2.2.1. Test mixture

The test mixture shall be composed of 61,5 % n-heptane, 12,5 % toluene, 7,5 % ethyl tetrachloride, 12,5 % trichloroethylene and 6 % xylene (volume per cent).

2.2.2.2. Application of the test mixture

Soak a piece of cotton cloth (as per ISO 105) until saturation with the mixture defined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 above and, within 10 seconds, apply it for 10 minutes to the outer face of the sample at a pressure of 50 N/cm

, corresponding to an effort of 100 N applied on a test surface of 14 × 14 mm.

During this 10-minute period, the cloth pad shall be soaked again with the mixture so that the composition of the liquid applied is continuously identical with that of the test mixture prescribed.

During the period of application, it is permissible to compensate the pressure applied to the sample in order to prevent it from causing cracks.

2.2.2.3. Cleaning

At the end of the application of the test mixture, the samples shall be dried in the open air and then washed with the solution described in paragraph 2.3. (Resistance to detergents) at 23 °C ± 5 °C.

Afterwards the samples shall be carefully rinsed with distilled water containing not more than 0,2 % impurities at 23 °C ± 5 °C and then wiped off with a soft cloth.

2.2.3. Results

2.2.3.1. After the test of resistance to atmospheric agents, the outer face of the samples shall be free from cracks, scratches, chipping and deformation, and the mean variation in transmission

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen], measured on the three samples according to the

procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,020

(Δ tm ≤ 0,020).

2.2.3.2. After the test of resistance to chemical agents, the samples shall not bear any traces of chemical staining likely to cause a variation of flux diffusion, whose mean variation

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen], measured on the three samples according to the

procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,020

(Δ d

≤ 0,020).

2.3. Resistance to detergents and hydrocarbons

2.3.1. Resistance to detergents

The outer face of three samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be heated to 50 °C ± 5 °C and then immersed for five minutes in a mixture maintained at 23 °C ± 5 °C and composed of 99 parts distilled water containing not more than 0,02 % impurities and one part alkylaryl sulphonate.

At the end of the test, the samples shall be dried at 50 °C ± 5 °C. The surface of the samples shall be cleaned with a moist cloth.

2.3.2. Resistance to hydrocarbons

The outer face of these three samples shall then be lightly rubbed for one minute with a cotton cloth soaked in a mixture composed of 70 % n-heptane and 30 % toluene (volume per cent), and shall then be dried in the open air.

2.3.3. Results

After the above two tests have been performed successively, the mean value of the variation in transmission

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen], measured on the three samples according to the

procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,010

(Δ t

≤ 0,010).

2.4. Resistance to mechanical deterioration

2.4.1. Mechanical deterioration method

The outer face of the three new samples (lenses) shall be subjected to the uniform mechanical deterioration test by the method described in appendix 3 to this annex.

2.4.2. Results

After this test, the variations:

in transmission

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen],

and in diffusion

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen],

shall be measured according to the procedure described in appendix 2 in the area specified in paragraph 2.2.4 above. The mean value of the three samples shall be such that:

Δ t

≤ 0,100;

Δ d

≤ 0,050.

2.5. Test of adherence of coatings, if any

2.5.1. Preparation of the sample

A surface of 20 mm × 20 mm in area of the coating of a lens shall be cut with a razor blade or a needle into a grid of squares approximately 2 mm × 2 mm. The pressure on the blade or needle shall be sufficient to cut at least the coating.

2.5.2. Description of the test

Use an adhesive tape with a force of adhesion of 2 N/ (cm of width) ± 20 % measured under the standardized conditions specified in appendix 4 to this annex. This adhesive tape, which shall be at least 25 mm wide, shall be pressed for at least five minutes to the surface prepared as prescribed in paragraph 2.5.1.

Then the end of the adhesive tape shall be loaded in such a way that the force of adhesion to the surface considered is balanced by a force perpendicular to that surface. At this stage, the tape shall be torn off at a constant speed of 1,5 m/s ± 0,2 m/s.

2.5.3. Results

There shall be no appreciable impairment of the gridded area. Impairments at the intersections between squares or at the edges of the cuts shall be permitted, provided that the impaired area does not exceed 15 % of the gridded surface.

2.6. Tests of the complete lamp incorporating a lens of plastic material

2.6.1. Resistance to mechanical deterioration of the lens surface

2.6.1.1. Tests

The lens of lamp sample No 1 shall be subjected to the test described in paragraph 2.4.1. above.

2.6.1.2. Results

After the test, the results of photometric measurements carried out on the lamp in accordance with this Regulation shall not exceed by more than 30 % the maximum values prescribed at points B 50 L and HV and not be more than 10 % below the minimum values prescribed at point 75 R (in the case of headlamps intended for left-hand traffic, the points to be considered are B 50 R, HV and 75 L).

2.6.2. Test of adherence of coatings, if any

The lens of lamp sample No 2 shall be subjected to the test described in paragraph 2.5 above.

3. VERIFICATION OF THE CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

3.1.

With regard to the materials used for the manufacture of lenses, the lamps of a series shall be recognized as complying with this Regulation if:

3.1.1.

After the test for resistance to chemical agents and the test for resistance to detergents and hydrocarbons, the outer face of the samples exhibits no cracks, chipping or deformation visible to the naked eye (see paragraphs 2.2.2, 2.3.1 and 2.3.2);

3.1.2.

After the test described in paragraph 2.6.1.1, the photometric values at the points of measurement considered in paragraph 2.6.1.2 are within the limits prescribed for conformity of production by this Regulation.

3.2.

If the test results fail to satisfy the requirements, the tests shall be repeated on another sample of headlamps selected at random.

Appendix 1

Chronological order of approval tests

A. Tests on plastic materials (lenses or samples of material supplied pursuant to paragraph 3.2.4 of this Regulation)

Samples

Lenses or samples of material

Lenses

Tests

1.1.	Limited photometry (para. 2.1.2)

1.1.1.

Temperature change

(para. 2.1.1)

1.1.2.

Limited photometry

(para. 2.1.2)

1.2.1.

Transmission measurement

1.2.2.

Diffusion measurement

1.3.	Atmospheric agents (para. 2.2.1)

1.3.1.

Transmission measurement

1.4.	Chemicals agents (para. 2.2.2)

1.4.1.

Diffusion measurement

1.5.	Detergents (para. 2.3.1)

1.6.	Hydrocarbons (para. 2.3.2)

1.6.1.

Transmission measurement

1.7.	Deterioration (para. 2.4.1)

1.7.1.

Transmission measurement

1.7.2.

Diffusion measurement

1.8.	Adherence (para. 2.5)

B. Tests on complete lamps (supplied pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3 of this Regulation)

Tests

Complete lamp

Sample No

2.1.	Deterioration (para. 2.6.1.1)

2.2.	Photometry (para. 2.6.1.2)

2.3.	Adherence (para. 2.6.2)

Appendix 2

Method of measurement of the diffusion and transmission of light

1. EQUIPMENT (see figure)

The beam of a collimator K with a half divergence β/2 = 17,4 × 10

–4

rd is limited by a diaphragm D

with an opening of 6 mm against which the sample stand is placed.

A convergent achromatic lens L

, corrected for spherical aberrations, links the diaphragm D

with the receiver R; the diameter of the lens L

shall be such that it does not diaphragm the light diffused by the sample in a cone with a half top angle of β/2 = 14°.

An annular diaphragm D

with angles α/2 = 1° and α

max

/2 = 12° is placed in an image focal plane of the lens L

The non-transparent central part of the diaphragm is necessary in order to eliminate the light arriving directly from the light source. It shall be possible to remove the central part of the diaphragm from the light beam in such a manner that it returns exactly to its original position.

The distance L

and the focal length F

(1) of the lens L

shall be so chosen that the image of D

completely covers the receiver R.

When the initial incident flux is referred to 1,000 units, the absolute precision of each reading shall be better than 1 unit.

2. MEASUREMENTS

The following readings shall be taken:

Reading	With sample	With central part of DD	Quantity represented
T1	no	no	Incident flux in initial reading
T2	yes (before test)	no	Flux transmitted by the new material in a field of 24 °C
T3	yes (after test)	no	Flux transmitted by the tested material in a field of 24 °C
T4	yes (before test)	yes	Flux diffused by the new material
T5	yes (after test)	yes	Flux diffused by the tested material

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

(1) For L

it is recommended to use a focal distance of about 80 mm.

Appendix 3

Spray testing method

1. TEST EQUIPMENT

1.1. Spray qun

The spray gun used shall be equipped with a nozzle 1,3 mm in diameter allowing a liquid flow rate of 0,24 ± 0,02 l/minute at an operating pressure of 6.0 bars – 0, + 0,5 bar.

Under these operation conditions the fan pattern obtained shall be 170 mm ± 50 mm in diameter on the surface exposed to deterioration, at a distance of 380 mm ± 10 mm from the nozzle.

1.2. Test mixture

The test mixture shall be composed of:

Silica sand of hardness 7 on the Mohs scale, with a grain size between 0 and 0,2 mm and an almost normal distribution, with an angular factor of 1,8 to 2;

Water of hardness not exceeding 205 g/m3 for a mixture comprising 25 g of sand per litre of water.

2. TEST

The outer surface of the lamp lenses shall be subjected once or more than once to the action of the sand jet produced as described above. The jet shall be sprayed almost perpendicular to the surface to be tested.

The deterioration shall be checked by means of one or more samples of glass placed as a reference near the lenses to be tested. The mixture shall be sprayed until the variation in the diffusion of light on the sample or samples measured by the method described in appendix 2, is such that:

[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen]

Several reference samples may be used to check that the whole surface to be tested has deteriorated homogeneously.

Appendix 4

Adhesive tape adherence test

1. PURPOSE

This method allows to determine under standard conditions the linear force of adhesion of an adhesive tape to a glass plate.

2. PRINCIPLE

Measurement of the force necessary to unstick an adhesive tape from a glass plate at an angle of 90°.

3. SPECIFIED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS

The ambient conditions shall be at 23 °C ± 5 °C and 65 ± 5 % relative humidity (RH).

4. TEST PIECES

Before the test, the sample roll of adhesive tape shall be conditioned for 24 hours in the specified atmosphere (see para. 3 above). Five test pieces each 400 mm long shall be tested from each roll.

These test pieces shall be taken from the roll after the first three turns were discarded.

5. PROCEDURE

The test shall be under the ambient conditions specified in paragraph 3.

Take the five test pieces while unrolling the tape radially at a speed of approximately 300 mm/s, then apply them within 15 seconds in the following manner:

Apply the tape to the glass plate progressively with a slight lengthwise rubbing movement of the finger, without excessive pressure, in such a manner as to leave no air bubble between the tape and the glass plate.

Leave the assembly in the specified atmospheric conditions for 10 minutes.

Unstick about 25 mm of the test piece from the plate in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the test piece.

Fix the plate and fold back the free end of the tape at 90°. Apply force in such a manner that the separation line between the tape and the plate is perpendicular to this force and perpendicular to the plate.

Pull to unstick at a speed of 300 mm/s ± 30 mm/s and record the force required.

6. RESULTS

The five values obtained shall be arranged in order and the median value taken as the result of the measurement. This value shall be expressed in Newtons per centimetre of width of the tape.