Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2974 of 29 November 2024 establishing ... (32024D2974)
INHALT
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2974 of 29 November 2024 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the smitheries and foundries industry (notified under document C(2024) 8322)
- COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2024/2974
- of 29 November 2024
- establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the smitheries and foundries industry
- (notified under document C(2024) 8322)
- (Text with EEA relevance)
- Article 1
- Article 2
- ANNEX
- 1.
- Best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for the smitheries and foundries industry
- SCOPE
- DEFINITIONS
- ACRONYMS
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Best available techniques
- Emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) and indicative emission levels for emissions to air
- Emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) for emissions to water
- Other environmental performance levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AEPLs) and indicative levels
- BAT-AEPLs for specific energy consumption (foundries)
- Indicative levels for specific energy consumption (smitheries)
- BAT-AEPLs for specific water consumption (foundries)
- BAT-AEPLs for specific amount of waste sent for disposal (foundries)
- Indicative levels for operational material efficiency (OME) (foundries)
- BAT-AEPLs for sand reuse (foundries)
- 1.1.
- General BAT conclusions
- 1.1.1.
- Overall environmental performance
- BAT 1.
- In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to elaborate and implement an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:
- Note
- Applicability
- BAT 2.
- In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to establish, maintain and regularly review (including when a significant change occurs) an inventory of inputs and outputs, as part of the EMS (see BAT 1), that incorporates all of the following features:
- Applicability
- BAT 3.
- In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to elaborate and implement a chemicals management system (CMS), as part of the EMS (see BAT 1), that incorporates all of the following features:
- Applicability
- BAT 4.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to soil and groundwater, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- BAT 5.
- In order to reduce the frequency of the occurrence of OTNOC and to reduce emissions during OTNOC, BAT is to set up and implement a risk-based OTNOC management plan as part of the EMS (see BAT 1) that includes all of the following elements:
- Applicability
- 1.1.2.
- Monitoring
- BAT 6.
- BAT is to monitor at least once every year:
- Description
- 1.1.3.
- Energy efficiency
- BAT 7.
- In order to increase the overall energy efficiency of the plant, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- 1.1.4.
- Noise and vibrations
- BAT 8.
- In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions of noise and vibrations, BAT is to set up, implement and regularly review a noise and/or vibration management plan, as part of the EMS (see BAT 1), that includes all of the following elements:
- Applicability
- BAT 9.
- In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce noise emissions, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.1.5.
- Residues
- BAT 10.
- In order to increase material efficiency and reduce the amount of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to set up, implement and regularly review a residues management plan.
- Description
- Applicability
- 1.2.
- BAT conclusions for foundries
- 1.2.1.
- General BAT conclusions for foundries
- 1.2.1.1.
- Hazardous substances and substances of very high concern
- BAT 11.
- In order to prevent or reduce the use of hazardous substances and substances of very high concern in moulding and core-making with chemically bonded sand, BAT is to use alternative substances which are non- or less hazardous.
- Description
- 1.2.1.2.
- Monitoring of emissions
- 1.2.1.2.1.
- Monitoring of emissions to air
- BAT 12.
- BAT is to monitor channelled emissions to air with at least the frequency given below, and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
- 1.2.1.2.2.
- Monitoring of emissions to water
- BAT 13.
- BAT is to monitor emissions to water with at least the frequency given below, and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
- 1.2.1.3.
- Energy efficiency
- BAT 14.
- In order to increase energy efficiency, BAT is to use all of the techniques (a) to (f), and an appropriate combination of the techniques (g) to (n) given below.
- 1.2.1.4.
- Material efficiency
- 1.2.1.4.1.
- Storage and handling of residues, packaging and unused process chemicals
- BAT 15.
- In order to prevent or reduce the environmental risk associated with the storage and handling of residues, packaging and unused process chemicals and to facilitate their reuse and/or recycling, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.4.2.
- Operational material efficiency in the casting process
- BAT 16.
- In order to increase material efficiency in the casting process, BAT is to use either technique (a) or technique (a) in combination with one or both of the techniques (b) and (c) given below.
- 1.2.1.4.3.
- Reduction of material consumption
- BAT 17.
- In order to reduce material (e.g. chemicals, binders) consumption, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.4.4.
- Sand reuse
- BAT 18.
- In order to reduce the consumption of new sand and the generation of spent sand from sand reuse in the lost mould casting process, BAT is to use one or an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.4.5.
- Reduction of generated residues and of waste sent for disposal
- BAT 19.
- In order to reduce the amount of residues generated in metal melting and to reduce the amount of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- BAT 20.
- In order to reduce the amount of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to prioritise off-site recycling and/or other recovery over disposal for spent sand, undersize sand, slags, refractory linings and collected filter dust (e.g. fabric filter dust).
- Description
- Applicability
- 1.2.1.5.
- Diffuse emissions to air
- BAT 21.
- In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce diffuse emissions to air, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.6.
- Channelled emissions to air
- BAT 22.
- In order to facilitate the recovery of materials and the reduction of channelled emissions to air, as well as to increase energy efficiency, BAT is to combine waste gas streams with similar characteristics, thus minimising the number of emission points.
- Description
- 1.2.1.7.
- Emissions to air from thermal processes
- BAT 23.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from metal melting, BAT is to use either electricity generated from fossil-free energy sources in combination with techniques (a) to (e), or techniques (a) to (e) and an appropriate combination of the techniques (f) to (i) given below.
- BAT 24.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from heat treatment, BAT is to use either electricity generated from fossil-free energy sources in combination with techniques (a) and (d), or all of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.8.
- Emissions to air from moulding using lost moulds and core-making
- BAT 25.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from moulding using lost moulds and core-making, BAT is to:
- BAT 26.
- In order to reduce emissions to air from moulding using lost moulds and core-making, BAT is to:
- 1.2.1.9.
- Emissions to air from casting, cooling and shake-out processes in foundries using lost moulds including the full mould process
- BAT 27.
- In order to reduce emissions to air from casting, cooling and shake-out processes in foundries using lost moulds including the full mould process, BAT is to:
- 1.2.1.10.
- Emissions to air from lost foam casting
- BAT 28.
- In order to reduce dust and TVOC emissions to air from lost foam casting, BAT is to collect the emissions using technique (a) and to treat the off-gases by using an appropriate combination of the techniques (b) to (d) given below.
- 1.2.1.11.
- Emissions to air from the casting process in foundries using permanent moulds
- BAT 29
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from the casting process in foundries using permanent moulds, BAT is to:
- 1.2.1.12.
- Emissions to air from finishing
- BAT 30.
- In order to reduce dust emissions to air from finishing, BAT is to collect the emissions using technique (a) and to treat the off-gases by using one or a combination of the techniques (b) to (d) given below.
- 1.2.1.13.
- Emissions to air from sand reuse
- BAT 31.
- In order to reduce emissions to air from sand reuse, BAT is to:
- 1.2.1.14.
- Odour
- BAT 32.
- In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce odour emissions, BAT is to set up, implement and regularly review an odour management plan, as part of the environmental management system (see BAT 1), that includes all of the following elements:
- Applicability
- BAT 33.
- BAT is to periodically perform odour monitoring.
- Description
- Applicability
- BAT 34.
- In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce odour emissions, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.1.15.
- Water consumption and waste water generation
- BAT 35.
- In order to optimise water consumption and to reduce the volume of waste water generated as well as to improve water recyclability, BAT is to use both techniques (a) and (b), and an appropriate combination of the techniques (c) to (g) given below.
- 1.2.1.16.
- Emissions to water
- BAT 36.
- In order to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to treat waste water using an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.2.
- BAT conclusions for cast iron foundries
- 1.2.2.1.
- Energy efficiency
- BAT 37.
- In order to increase energy efficiency in metal melting, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.2.2.
- Emissions to air from thermal processes
- 1.2.2.2.1.
- Emissions to air from metal melting
- BAT 38.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from metal melting, BAT is to:
- 1.2.2.2.2.
- Emissions to air from the nodularisation of cast iron
- BAT 39.
- In order to prevent or reduce dust emissions to air from the nodularisation of cast iron, BAT is to use technique (a) or both of the techniques (b) and (c) given below.
- 1.2.3.
- BAT conclusions for steel foundries
- 1.2.3.1.
- Emissions to air from thermal processes
- 1.2.3.1.1.
- Emissions to air from metal melting
- BAT 40.
- In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from metal melting, BAT is to use both of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.3.1.2.
- Emissions to air from steel refining
- BAT 41.
- In order to reduce emissions to air from steel refining, BAT is to use both of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.4.
- BAT conclusions for non-ferrous metal foundries
- 1.2.4.1.
- Energy efficiency
- BAT 42.
- In order to increase energy efficiency in metal melting, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below.
- 1.2.4.2.
- Emissions to air from thermal processes
- 1.2.4.2.1.
- Emissions to air from metal melting
- BAT 43.
- In order to reduce emissions to air from metal melting, BAT is to collect the emissions using technique (a) and to treat the off-gases using one or a combination of the techniques (b) to (e) given below.
- 1.2.4.3.
- Emissions to air from the treatment and protection of molten metal
- BAT 44.
- It is not BAT to use chlorine gas for molten aluminium treatment (degassing/cleaning).
- BAT 45.
- In order to prevent emissions of substances with a high global warming potential from the protection of molten metal in magnesium melting, BAT is to use oxidation control agents with a low global warming potential.
- Description
- 1.3.
- BAT conclusions for smitheries
- 1.3.1.
- Energy efficiency
- BAT 46.
- In order to increase energy efficiency in heating/reheating and heat treatment, BAT is to use all the techniques given below.
- 1.3.2.
- Material efficiency
- BAT 47.
- In order to increase the material efficiency and to reduce the quantity of waste sent for disposal, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
- 1.3.3.
- Vibrations
- BAT 48.
- In order to reduce vibrations occurring from the hammering process, BAT is to use vibration-reducing and insulating techniques.
- Description
- Applicability
- 1.3.4.
- Monitoring of emissions to air
- BAT 49.
- BAT is to monitor channelled emissions to air with at least the frequency given below, and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
- 1.3.5.
- Emissions to air
- 1.3.5.1.
- Diffuse emissions to air
- BAT 50.
- In order to prevent or reduce diffuse emissions to air, BAT is to use both of the techniques given below.
- 1.3.5.2.
- Emissions to air from heating/reheating and heat treatment
- BAT 51.
- In order to prevent or reduce NO
- X
- emissions to air from heating, reheating and heat treatment while limiting CO emissions, BAT is to use either electricity generated from fossil-free energy sources or an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
- 1.3.6.
- Water consumption and waste water generation
- BAT 52.
- In order to optimise water consumption and to reduce the volume of waste water generated, BAT is to use both of the techniques (a) and (b) given below:
- 1.4.
- Descriptions of techniques
- 1.4.1.
- Techniques to increase energy efficiency
- 1.4.2.
- Techniques to increase material efficiency
- 1.4.3.
- Techniques to reduce emissions to air
- 1.4.4.
- Techniques to reduce emissions to water
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