INHALT

Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/2326 of 30 November 2021 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for large combustion plants (notified under document C (2021) 8580) (Text with EEA relevance)

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2021/2326
of 30 November 2021
establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for large combustion plants
(notified under document C (2021) 8580)
(Text with EEA relevance)
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
ANNEX
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT) CONCLUSIONS
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS
ACRONYMS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Best Available Techniques
Emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs)
BAT-AELs for emissions to air
BAT-AELs for emissions to water
Energy efficiency levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AEELs)
Categorisation of combustion plants/units according to their total rated thermal input
1. GENERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS
1.1.
Environmental management systems
BAT 1.
In order to improve the overall environmental performance, BAT is to implement and adhere to an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:
Applicability
1.2.
Monitoring
BAT 2.
BAT is to determine the net electrical efficiency and/or the net total fuel utilisation and/or the net mechanical energy efficiency of the gasification, IGCC and/or combustion units by carrying out a performance test at full load(
1
), according to EN standards, after the commissioning of the unit and after each modification that could significantly affect the net electrical efficiency and/or the net total fuel utilisation and/or the net mechanical energy efficiency of the unit. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
BAT 3.
BAT is to monitor key process parameters relevant for emissions to air and water including those given below.
BAT 4.
BAT is to monitor emissions to air with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
BAT 5.
BAT is to monitor emissions to water from flue-gas treatment with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
1.3.
General environmental and combustion performance
BAT 6.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of combustion plants and to reduce emissions to air of CO and unburnt substances, BAT is to ensure optimised combustion and to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 7.
In order to reduce emissions of ammonia to air from the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and/or selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) for the abatement of NO
X
emissions, BAT is to optimise the design and/or operation of SCR and/or SNCR (e.g. optimised reagent to NO
X
ratio, homogeneous reagent distribution and optimum size of the reagent drops).
BAT-associated emission levels
BAT 8.
In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air during normal operating conditions, BAT is to ensure, by appropriate design, operation and maintenance, that the emission abatement systems are used at optimal capacity and availability.
BAT 9.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of combustion and/or gasification plants and to reduce emissions to air, BAT is to include the following elements in the quality assurance/quality control programmes for all the fuels used, as part of the environmental management system (see BAT 1):
Description
BAT 10.
In order to reduce emissions to air and/or to water during other than normal operating conditions (OTNOC), BAT is to set up and implement a management plan as part of the environmental management system (see BAT 1), commensurate with the relevance of potential pollutant releases, that includes the following elements:
BAT 11.
BAT is to appropriately monitor emissions to air and/or to water during OTNOC.
Description
1.4.
Energy efficiency
BAT 12.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of combustion, gasification and/or IGCC units operated ≥ 1 500 h/yr, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
1.5.
Water usage and emissions to water
BAT 13.
In order to reduce water usage and the volume of contaminated waste water discharged, BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below.
BAT 14.
In order to prevent the contamination of uncontaminated waste water and to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to segregate waste water streams and to treat them separately, depending on the pollutant content.
Description
Applicability
BAT 15.
In order to reduce emissions to water from flue-gas treatment, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below, and to use secondary techniques as close as possible to the source in order to avoid dilution.
1.6.
Waste management
BAT 16.
In order to reduce the quantity of waste sent for disposal from the combustion and/or gasification process and abatement techniques, BAT is to organise operations so as to maximise, in order of priority and taking into account life-cycle thinking:
1.7.
Noise emissions
BAT 17.
In order to reduce noise emissions, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS
2.1.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of coal and/or lignite
2.1.1.
General environmental performance
BAT 18.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of the combustion of coal and/or lignite, and in addition to BAT 6, BAT is to use the technique given below.
2.1.2.
Energy efficiency
BAT 19.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of the combustion of coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
2.1.3.
NO
X
, N
2
O and CO emissions to air
BAT 20.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO and N
2
O emissions to air from the combustion of coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.1.4.
SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 21.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.1.5.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 22.
In order to reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air from the combustion of coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.1.6.
Mercury emissions to air
BAT 23.
In order to prevent or reduce mercury emissions to air from the combustion of coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.2.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat
2.2.1.
Energy efficiency
2.2.2.
NO
X
, N
2
O and CO emissions to air
BAT 24.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO and N
2
O emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.2.3.
SO
X,
HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 25.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.2.4.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 26.
In order to reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
2.2.5.
Mercury emissions to air
BAT 27.
In order to prevent or reduce mercury emissions to air from the combustion of solid biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF LIQUID FUELS
3.1.
HFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers
3.1.1.
Energy efficiency
3.1.2.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 28.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.1.3.
SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 29.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.1.4.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 30.
In order to reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.2.
HFO- and/or gas-oil-fired engines
3.2.1.
Energy efficiency
BAT 31.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of HFO and/or gas oil combustion in reciprocating engines, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
3.2.2.
NO
X
, CO and volatile organic compound emissions to air
BAT 32.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in reciprocating engines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 33.
In order to prevent or reduce emissions of CO and volatile organic compounds to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in reciprocating engines, BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below.
3.2.3.
SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 34.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in reciprocating engines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.2.4.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 35.
In order to prevent or reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in reciprocating engines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.3.
Gas-oil-fired gas turbines
3.3.1.
Energy efficiency
BAT 36.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of gas oil combustion in gas turbines, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
3.3.2.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 37.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of gas oil in gas turbines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 38.
In order to prevent or reduce CO emissions to air from the combustion of gas oil in gas turbines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
3.3.3.
SO
X
and dust emissions to air
BAT 39.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
and dust emissions to air from the combustion of gas oil in gas turbines, BAT is to use the technique given below.
4. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF GASEOUS FUELS
4.1.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of natural gas
4.1.1.
Energy efficiency
BAT 40.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of natural gas combustion, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
4.1.2.
NO
X
, CO, NMVOC and CH
4
emissions to air
BAT 41.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of natural gas in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 42.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of natural gas in gas turbines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 43.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of natural gas in engines, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 44.
In order to prevent or reduce CO emissions to air from the combustion of natural gas, BAT is to ensure optimised combustion and/or to use oxidation catalysts.
Description
BAT 45.
In order to reduce non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and methane (CH
4
) emissions to air from the combustion of natural gas in spark-ignited lean-burn gas engines, BAT is to ensure optimised combustion and/or to use oxidation catalysts.
Description
4.2.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of iron and steel process gases
4.2.1.
Energy efficiency
BAT 46.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of the combustion of iron and steel process gases, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
4.2.2.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 47.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of iron and steel process gases in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 48.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of iron and steel process gases in CCGTs, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 49.
In order to prevent or reduce CO emissions to air from the combustion of iron and steel process gases, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
4.2.3.
SO
X
emissions to air
BAT 50.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of iron and steel process gases, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
4.2.4.
Dust emissions to air
BAT 51.
In order to reduce dust emissions to air from the combustion of iron and steel process gases, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
4.3.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of gaseous and/or liquid fuels on offshore platforms
BAT 52.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of the combustion of gaseous and/or liquid fuels on offshore platforms, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 53.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air from the combustion of gaseous and/or liquid fuels on offshore platforms, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 54.
In order to prevent or reduce CO emissions to air from the combustion of gaseous and/or liquid fuels in gas turbines on offshore platforms, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
5. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR MULTI-FUEL-FIRED PLANTS
5.1.
BAT conclusions for the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry
5.1.1.
General environmental performance
BAT 55.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry in boilers, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 6 and below.
5.1.2.
Energy efficiency
5.1.3.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 56.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO emissions to air from the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
5.1.4.
SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 57.
In order to reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
5.1.5.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 58.
In order to reduce emissions to air of dust, particulate-bound metals, and trace species from the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
5.1.6.
Emissions of volatile organic compounds and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans to air
BAT 59.
In order to reduce emissions to air of volatile organic compounds and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans from the combustion of process fuels from the chemical industry in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 6 and below.
6. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE CO-INCINERATION OF WASTE
6.1.1.
General environmental performance
BAT 60.
In order to improve the general environmental performance of the co-incineration of waste in combustion plants, to ensure stable combustion conditions, and to reduce emissions to air, BAT is to use technique BAT 60 (a) below and a combination of the techniques given in BAT 6 and/or the other techniques below.
BAT 61.
In order to prevent increased emissions from the co-incineration of waste in combustion plants, BAT is to take appropriate measures to ensure that the emissions of polluting substances in the part of the flue-gases resulting from waste co-incineration are not higher than those resulting from the application of BAT conclusions for the incineration of waste.
BAT 62.
In order to minimise the impact on residues recycling of the co-incineration of waste in combustion plants, BAT is to maintain a good quality of gypsum, ashes and slags as well as other residues, in line with the requirements set for their recycling when the plant is not co-incinerating waste, by using one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 60 and/or by restricting the co-incineration to waste fractions with pollutant concentrations similar to those in other combusted fuels.
6.1.2.
Energy efficiency
BAT 63.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of the co-incineration of waste, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and BAT 19, depending on the main fuel type used and on the plant configuration.
6.1.3.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 64.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO and N
2
O emissions from the co-incineration of waste with coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 20.
BAT 65.
In order to prevent or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO and N
2
O emissions from the co-incineration of waste with biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 24.
6.1.4.
SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air
BAT 66.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the co-incineration of waste with coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 21.
BAT 67.
In order to prevent or reduce SO
X
, HCl and HF emissions to air from the co-incineration of waste with biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 25.
6.1.5.
Dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air
BAT 68.
In order to reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air from the co-incineration of waste with coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 22.
BAT 69.
In order to reduce dust and particulate-bound metal emissions to air from the co-incineration of waste with biomass and/or peat, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 26.
6.1.6.
Mercury emissions to air
BAT 70.
In order to reduce mercury emissions to air from the co-incineration of waste with biomass, peat, coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 23 and BAT 27.
6.1.7.
Emissions of volatile organic compounds and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans to air
BAT 71.
In order to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans to air from the co-incineration of waste with biomass, peat, coal and/or lignite, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given in BAT 6, BAT 26 and below.
7. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR GASIFICATION
7.1.1.
Energy efficiency
BAT 72.
In order to increase the energy efficiency of IGCC and gasification units, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given in BAT 12 and below.
7.1.2.
NO
X
and CO emissions to air
BAT 73.
In order to prevent and/or reduce NO
X
emissions to air while limiting CO emissions to air from IGCC plants, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
7.1.3.
SO
X
emissions to air
BAT 74.
In order to reduce SO
X
emissions to air from IGCC plants, BAT is to use the technique given below.
7.1.4.
Dust, particulate-bound metal, ammonia and halogen emissions to air
BAT 75.
In order to prevent or reduce dust, particulate-bound metal, ammonia and halogen emissions to air from IGCC plants, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
8. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUES
8.1.
General techniques
8.2.
Techniques to increase energy efficiency
8.3.
Techniques to reduce emissions of NO
X
and/or CO to air
8.4.
Techniques to reduce emissions of SO
X
, HCl and/or HF to air
8.5.
Techniques to reduce emissions to air of dust, metals including mercury, and/or PCDD/F
8.6.
Techniques to reduce emissions to water