2025/421

24.3.2025

COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/421

of 16 December 2024

supplementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the data necessary for the classification of crypto-asset white papers and the practical arrangements to ensure that such data is machine-readable

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on markets in crypto-assets and amending Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 1095/2010 and Directives 2013/36/EU and (EU) 2019/1937 (1), and in particular Article 109(8), third subparagraph, thereof,

Whereas:

(1) In accordance with Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, the register of crypto-asset white papers, of issuers of asset-referenced tokens and e-money tokens, and of crypto-asset service providers (‘register’) established in accordance with Article 109 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 is to contain information allowing the register to facilitate the accessibility of white papers classified on the basis of the types of crypto-assets set out in that Regulation. The data necessary for the classification of crypto-asset white papers should support national competent authorities in their task of verifying that the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 are applied consistently.

(2) To ensure the most efficient operation of the register, competent authorities should submit the data to the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in the same format as the white paper. Furthermore, to minimise costs, ESMA and competent authorities should be able to derive the relevant data for the classification of white papers in the register from the information disclosed in crypto-asset white papers. To minimise the changes in the data required as of the date of application of Article 110 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, the data used to classify crypto-asset white papers should comprise the data that competent authorities will provide to the European Single Access Point (ESAP) in accordance with Article 5(1), point (e), of Regulation (EU) 2023/2859 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2).

(3) To ensure efficient processing of data, legal persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper and identified therein by an ISO 17442 legal entity identifier (LEI) should ensure that such LEI is valid and duly renewed. Where the person drawing up the white paper does not have a LEI, the register should contain an identifier that ensures similar characteristics for the purposes of the register.

(4) Crypto-assets that are not financial instruments cannot at present be described by using the ISO Classification of Financial Instruments (CFI) code. A standard universal method of classification is being developed. However, this method of classification will not be finalised before the application of this Regulation. Hence, to identify the crypto-asset white papers consistently in the register referred to in Article 109(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, an international standard identifier for digital tokens, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) should be used. Furthermore, to identify the crypto-assets and to allow users to retrieve the main characteristics of the crypto-assets, including their technology-specific features, and to group tokens issued on several blockchains that are pertaining to the same crypto-asset white paper, the ISO 24165 Digital Token Identifiers (DTI) should be used. The FFG DTI and the DTI are appropriate for the purposes of the register since they respect the principles of uniqueness, neutrality, reliability, open source, scalability, accessibility on a cost-recovery basis and they are offered under an appropriate governance framework.

(5) Since this Regulation concerns the classification of crypto asset white papers and is therefore linked to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2984 (3) which concerns standard forms, formats and templates for the white paper, it is necessary to align the dates of application of the two Regulations. The deferred application is also necessary to enable persons drawing up crypto-asset white papers and competent authorities to adapt to the requirements laid down in this Regulation.

(6) This Regulation is based on the draft regulatory technical standards submitted to the Commission by ESMA.

(7) ESMA has conducted open public consultations on the draft regulatory technical standards on which this Regulation is based, analysed the potential related costs and benefits and requested the advice of the Securities and Markets Stakeholder Group established in accordance with Article 37 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council (4),

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Data for the classification of crypto-asset white papers

1. The data necessary for the classification of crypto-asset white papers is set out the Annex.

2. The data set out in the Annex shall be provided in a common format in accordance with the ISO 20022 standard.

3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2 of this Article, where the data set out in the Annex is included in the crypto-asset white paper referred to in Article 6, Article 19 or Article 51 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, the data set out in the Annex to this Regulation may be provided in the same machine-readable format in which the crypto-asset white paper was prepared in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2984.

Article 2

Legal Entity Identifiers

When using the ISO 17442 Legal Entity Identifier, persons drawing up a crypto-asset white paper referred to in Articles 6, Article 19 or Article 51 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 shall ensure that the identifier is:

(a) valid and issued in accordance with the terms of any of the Local Operating Units of the Global Legal Entity Identifier System;

(b) included in the Global Legal Entity Identifier database maintained by the Central Operating Unit appointed by the Regulatory Oversight Committee.

Article 3

Identification of the crypto-asset and the related white paper

1. When the ISO 24165 Digital Token Identifier is provided, the crypto-asset white paper shall be identified with a valid identifier of type 3 pertaining to the group of crypto-assets to which the white paper relates.

2. When the ISO 24165 Digital Token Identifier is provided, the crypto-asset or crypto-assets to which the crypto-asset white paper relates shall be individually identified with a valid identifier assigned to each of the crypto-assets to which the white paper relates.

3. When the ISO 24165 Digital Token Identifier is not available, the crypto-asset white paper shall identify the crypto-assets to which the crypto-asset white paper relates, by using a digital token identifier approved by ESMA at Union level, which meets all of the following characteristics:

(a) unique;

(b) neutral;

(d) open source;

(e) scalable;

(f) accessible;

(g) available at a reasonable cost basis; and

(h) is subject to an appropriate governance framework.

Article 4

Entry into force and application

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the

Official Journal of the European Union

This Regulation shall apply from 23 December 2025.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 16 December 2024.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

(1)

OJ L 150, 9.6.2023, p. 40

, ELI:

http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1114/oj

(2) Regulation (EU) 2023/2859 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 establishing a European single access point providing centralised access to publicly available information of relevance to financial services, capital markets and sustainability (

OJ L, 2023/2859, 20.12.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2859/oj

(3) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2984 of 29 November 2024 laying down implementing technical standards for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regards to forms, formats and templates for the crypto-asset white papers (

OJ L, 2024/2984, 3.12.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2984/oj

(4) Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC (

OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84

, ELI:

http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2010/1095/oj

ANNEX

Data necessary for the classification of crypto-asset white papers in the register referred to in Article 109 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114

Legend

SYMBOL

DATA TYPE

DEFINITION

{ALPHANUM-n}

Up to n alphanumerical characters

Free text field.

{DATE_TIME_FORMAT}

ISO 8601 date and time format

Date and time in the following format:

YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ddddddZ.

—	‘YYYY’ is the year,

—	‘MM’ is the month,

—	‘DD’ is the day,

—	‘T’ – means that the letter ‘T’ shall be used,

—	‘hh’ is the hour,

—	‘mm’ is the minute,

—	‘ss.dddddd’ is the second and its fraction of a second,

—	Z is UTC time.

Dates and times shall be recorded in UTC.

{DATEFORMAT}

ISO 8601 date format

Dates shall be formatted in the following format: YYYY-MM-DD.

{DECIMAL-n/m}

Decimal number of up to n digits in total of which up to m digits can be fraction digits

Numerical field for both positive and negative values.

—	decimal separator is ‘.’ (full stop),

—	negative numbers are prefixed with ‘-’ (minus); Values are rounded and not truncated.

{DTI}

9 alphanumerical characters

Digital Token Identifier as defined in ISO 24165 standard

{FFG DTI}

9 alphanumerical characters

Code to identify a group of equivalent Digital Token Identifiers as defined in ISO 24165 standard type 3

{INTEGER-n}

Integer number of up to n digits in total

Numerical field for both positive and negative integer values.

{LEI}

20 alphanumerical characters

Legal entity identifier as defined in ISO 17442

{MIC}

4 alphanumerical characters

Market identifier as defined in ISO 10383

Number	Field	Content	Form and standards
1	Type of crypto-asset white paper	The type of crypto-asset white paper notified. Where the crypto-asset white paper concerns asset-referenced tokens, the code ‘ARTW’ shall be used. Where the crypto-asset white paper concerns e-money tokens, the code ‘EMTW’ shall be used. Where the crypto-asset white paper concerns crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens and e-money tokens the code ‘OTHR’ shall be used.	Choice from list of predefined values: ‘ARTW’ ‘EMTW’ ‘OTHR’
2	Name of the issuer	Name of the issuer	Free alphanumerical text
3	Legal form of the issuer	Legal form	ISO standard 20275 ‘Financial Services – Entity Legal Forms (ELF)’
4	Legal entity identifier of the issuer, where available	Legal entity identifier of the issuer, where available	{LEI}
5	Other identifier of the issuer required pursuant to applicable national law, where available	Other identifier of the issuer required pursuant to applicable national law, where available	Free alphanumerical text
6	Legal entity identifier of the entity that drew up the crypto-asset white paper, where available	Legal entity identifier of the entity that drew up the crypto-asset white paper, where available	{LEI}
7	Other identifier of the entity that drew up the crypto-asset white paper required pursuant to applicable national law, where available	Other identifier of the entity that drew up the crypto-asset white paper required pursuant to applicable national law	Free alphanumerical text
8	Identifier of operator of the trading platform	Segment market identifier code (MIC) for the trading platform operated by the crypto-asset service provider (CASP), where available, otherwise operating MIC	{MIC}
9	Commercial name or trading name of the issuer, where available	Commercial name or trading name of the issuer, where available	Free alphanumerical text
10	Physical address of the issuer	Physical address of the issuer	Free alphanumerical text
11	Telephone number of the issuer, where available	Telephone number of the issuer, where available	Free alphanumerical text
12	Email of the issuer, where available	Email of the issuer, where available	Free alphanumerical text
13	Website of the issuer	Website of the issuer	Free alphanumerical text
14	Home Member State	Home Member State as defined in Article 3, point (33), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114	Closed list of EU Member States
15	Host Member States	Host Member State as defined in Article 3, point (34), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114.	Closed list of EU Member States
16	Starting date of offer to the public or admission to trading	Starting date or, if not available at the time of the notification by the competent authority, the intended starting date of offer to the public or admission to trading	YYYY-MM-DD
17	Any other services provided by the issuer	Any other services provided by the issuer not covered by Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, with a reference to the applicable Union or national legal acts regulating that service, where applicable	Free alphanumerical text
18	The date of authorisation, where applicable	The date of authorisation by the competent authority, where applicable	YYYY-MM-DD
19	The date of withdrawal of authorisation, where applicable	The date of withdrawal of authorisation by the competent authority, where applicable	YYYY-MM-DD
20	Publication date	Effective or intended publication date of the crypto-asset white paper or of the modified crypto-asset white paper, as applicable	YYYY-MM-DD
21	Date and time of notification	Date and time of the latest notification of the white paper to the competent authority	YYYY-MM-DD Thh:mm:ss.ddddddZ.
22	Language or languages of the crypto-asset white paper	Language or languages in which the crypto-asset white paper is drafted. Where multiple languages have been used, this field shall be reported as many times as necessary	Closed list of EU languages
23	Record identifier	Unique identifier of the uploaded record, assigned by the sending competent authority	{ALPHANUM-500}
24	Data file reference	Reference code needed to link the data file with corresponding metadata file	{ALPHANUM-500}
25	The type of submission	Type of submission	NEWT = New MODI = Modify EROR = Error CORR = Correction
26	Version	Version of the dataset (data and metadata)	{INTEGER-50}
27	Digital Token Identifier used to uniquely identify the crypto-asset or each of the several crypto assets to which the white paper relates, where available	Code used to uniquely identify the crypto-asset or each of the several crypto assets to which the crypto-asset white paper relates, where available	ISO 24165 Digital Token Identifier {DTI}
28	Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier, where available	Code used to uniquely identify the functionally fungible group to which the digital asset belongs (i.e. common to each of the several assets to which the crypto-asset white paper relates), i.e. code used to identify the white paper ISO 24165 DTI of type = 3 (i.e. functionally fungible group), where available	ISO 24165 [FFG DTI]
29	Personal data flag	Flag indicating if the submitted crypto-asset white paper contains personal data	‘true’ – Yes ‘false’ – No

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2025/421/oj

ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)