COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2023/2782
of 14 December 2023
laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the control of the levels of mycotoxins in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 401/2006
(Text with EEA relevance)
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Article 5
ANNEX I
Methods of sampling for the control of the levels of mycotoxins in food (1)
PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
A.1.
General provisions
A.1.1.
Personnel
A.1.2.
Material to be sampled
A.1.3.
Precautions to be taken
A.1.4.
Incremental samples
A.1.5.
Preparation of the aggregate sample
A.1.6.
Replicate samples
A.1.7.
Packaging and transmission of samples
A.1.8.
Sealing and labelling of samples
A.2.
Different types of lots
Sampling frequency (SF) n = |
Weight of the lot x Weight of the incremental sample |
Weight of the aggregate sample x Weight of individual package |
A.3.
Sampling of commodities with a high volume/weight ratio
PART II
METHODS OF SAMPLING
A. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR CEREALS, OILSEEDS OTHER THAN GROUNDNUTS, CEREAL AND OILSEED PRODUCTS OTHER THAN GROUNDNUT PRODUCTS
A.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
A.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for cereals, oilseeds other than groundnuts, cereal products and oilseed products, other than groundnut products
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonne) |
Weight or number of sublots |
No incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Cereals, oilseeds other than groundnuts, cereal products and oilseed products, other than groundnut products |
> 300 and < 1 500 |
3 sublots |
100 |
10 2,5 for small particle oilseeds or cereal grains |
≥ 100 and ≤ 300 |
100 tonnes |
100 |
10 2,5 for small particle oilseeds or cereal grains |
|
< 100 |
— |
3 -100 (*1) |
1 -10 0,25 – 2,5 for small particle oilseeds or cereal grains |
A.3.
Method of sampling for cereals, oilseeds other than groundnuts, cereal products and oilseed products, other than groundnut products for lots ≥ 50 tonnes
A.4.
Method of sampling for cereals, oilseeds other than groundnuts, cereal products and oilseed products, other than groundnut products for lots < 50 tonnes
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight(kg) (*2) |
Aggregate sample weight(kg) (*2) for small particle oilseeds or cereal grains |
≤ 0,05 |
3 |
1 |
0,25 |
> 0,05 -≤ 0,5 |
5 |
1 |
0,25 |
> 0,5 -≤ 1 |
10 |
1 |
0,25 |
> 1 -≤ 3 |
20 |
2 |
0,5 |
> 3 -≤ 10 |
40 |
4 |
1,0 |
> 10 -≤ 20 |
60 |
6 |
1,5 |
> 20 -≤ 100 |
100 |
10 |
2,5 |
A.5.
Sampling at retail stage
A.6.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
Control of ergot sclerotia
Control of mycotoxins
B. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR DRIED FRUIT AND DERIVED/PROCESSED PRODUCTS WITH THE EXCEPTION OF DRIED FIGS
B.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
B.2.
General survey of the method of sampling dried fruit and derived/processed products, with the exception of figs
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Weight or number of sublots |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Dried fruit, except dried figs |
≥ 15 |
15 -30 tonnes |
100 |
10 |
< 15 |
— |
10 -100 (*3) |
1 -10 |
B.3.
Method of sampling for dried fruit and derived/processed products (lots ≥ 15 tonnes), with the exception of dried figs
B.4.
Method of sampling for dried fruit and derived/processed products (lots < 15 tonnes), with the exception of dried figs
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 0,1 |
10 |
1 |
> 0,1 -≤ 0,2 |
15 |
1,5 |
> 0,2 -≤ 0,5 |
20 |
2 |
> 0,5 -≤ 1,0 |
30 |
3 |
> 1,0 -≤ 2,0 |
40 |
4 |
> 2,0 -≤ 5,0 |
60 |
6 |
> 5,0 -≤ 10,0 |
80 |
8 |
> 10,0 -≤ 15,0 |
100 |
10 |
B.5.
Sampling at retail stage
B.6.
Specific sampling provisions for dried fruit and derived/processed products with the exception of dried figs traded in vacuum packages
B.7.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
C. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR DRIED FIGS AND DERIVED/PROCESSED PRODUCTS
C.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
C.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for dried figs
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonne) |
Weight or number of sublots |
No incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Dried figs |
≥ 15 |
15 -30 tonnes |
100 |
30 |
< 15 |
— |
10 -100 (*4) |
≤ 30 |
C.3.
Method of sampling for dried figs (lots ≥ 15 tonnes)
C.4.
Method of sampling for dried figs (lots < 15 tonnes)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
No of incremental samples (for retail/individual packages see also point C.1) |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) (in case of retail/individual packages, weight of aggregate sample can diverge – see point C.1) |
No of laboratory samples from aggregate sample |
≤ 0,1 |
10 |
3 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,1 – ≤ 0,2 |
15 |
4,5 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,2 – ≤ 0,5 |
20 |
6 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,5 – ≤ 1,0 |
30 |
9 (- < 12 kg) |
1 (no division) |
> 1,0 – ≤ 2,0 |
40 |
12 |
2 |
> 2,0 – ≤ 5,0 |
60 |
18 (- < 24 kg) |
2 |
> 5,0 – ≤ 10,0 |
80 |
24 |
3 |
> 10,0 – ≤ 15,0 |
100 |
30 |
3 |
C.5.
Method of sampling for derived/processed products and compound foods
C.5.1.
Derived/processed products with very small particle size (homogeneous distribution of mycotoxin contamination)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
No of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 1 |
10 |
1 |
> 1 – ≤ 3 |
20 |
2 |
> 3 – ≤ 10 |
40 |
4 |
> 10 – ≤ 20 |
60 |
6 |
> 20 – ≤ 50 |
100 |
10 |
C.5.2.
Other derived/processed products with a relatively large particle size (heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxin contamination)
C.6.
Sampling at retail stage
C.7.
Specific method of sampling of dried figs and derived/processed products traded in vacuum packages
C.7.1.
Dried figs
C.7.2.
Products derived/processed from dried figs with small particle size
C.8.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
D. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR GROUNDNUTS (PEANUTS), APRICOT KERNELS, TREE NUTS AND DRIED SPICES WITH LARGE PARTICLE SIZE AND DERIVED/PROCESSED PRODUCTS
D.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
D.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonne) |
Weight or number of sublots |
No incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size |
≥ 500 |
100 tonnes |
100 |
20 |
> 125 and < 500 |
5 sublots |
100 |
20 |
|
≥ 15 and ≤ 125 |
25 tonnes |
100 |
20 |
|
< 15 |
— |
10 -100 (*5) |
≤ 20 |
D.3.
Method of sampling for groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size (lots ≥ 15 tonnes)
D.4.
Method of sampling for groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size (lots < 15 tonnes)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
No of incremental samples (for retail/individual packages see also point D.1) |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) (in case of retail/individual packages, weight of aggregate sample can diverge – see point D.1) |
No of laboratory samples from aggregate sample |
≤ 0,1 |
10 |
2 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,1 – ≤ 0,2 |
15 |
3 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,2 – ≤ 0,5 |
20 |
4 |
1 (no division) |
> 0,5 – ≤ 1,0 |
30 |
6 |
1 (no division) |
> 1,0 – ≤ 2,0 |
40 |
8 (- < 12 kg) |
1 (no division) |
> 2,0 – ≤ 5,0 |
60 |
12 |
2 |
> 5,0 – ≤ 10,0 |
80 |
16 |
2 |
> 10,0 – ≤ 15,0 |
100 |
20 |
2 |
D.5.
Method of sampling for derived/processed products, with the exception of vegetable oil, and compound foods
D.5.1.
Derived/processed products (other than vegetable oil) with small particle size, i.e. flour, peanut butter (homogeneous distribution of mycotoxin contamination) and compound foods
Lot weight (tonnes) |
No of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 1 |
10 |
1 |
> 1 – ≤ 3 |
20 |
2 |
> 3 – ≤ 10 |
40 |
4 |
> 10 – ≤ 20 |
60 |
6 |
> 20 – ≤ 50 |
100 |
10 |
D.5.2.
Derived/processed products with a relatively large particle size (heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxin contamination) and compound foods
D.6.
Sampling at retail stage
D.7.
Specific method of sampling for groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size and derived/processed products traded in vacuum packages
D.7.1.
Pistachios, groundnuts (peanuts), Brazil nuts
D.7.2.
Apricot kernels, tree nuts other than pistachios and Brazil nuts, dried spices with large particle size
D.7.3.
Products derived/processed from groundnuts (peanuts), apricot kernels, tree nuts and dried spices with large particle size
D.8.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
E. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR DRIED SPICES EXCEPT DRIED SPICES WITH LARGE PARTICLE SIZE AND POWDERED SPICES
E.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
E.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for dried spices except dried spices with large particle size and powdered spices.
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Weight or number of sublots |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Dried spices |
≥ 15 |
25 tonnes |
100 |
10 |
< 15 |
— |
5 -100 (*6) |
0,5 -10 |
E.3.
Method of sampling for dried spices except dried spices with large particle size and powdered spices (lots ≥ 15 tonnes).
E.4.
Method of sampling for dried spices except dried spices with large particle size and powdered spices (lots < 15 tonnes)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 0,01 |
5 |
0,5 |
> 0,01 -≤ 0,1 |
10 |
1 |
> 0,1 -≤ 0,2 |
15 |
1,5 |
> 0,2 -≤ 0,5 |
20 |
2 |
> 0,5 -≤ 1,0 |
30 |
3 |
> 1,0 -≤ 2,0 |
40 |
4 |
> 2,0 -≤ 5,0 |
60 |
6 |
> 5,0 -≤ 10,0 |
80 |
8 |
> 10,0 -≤ 15,0 |
100 |
10 |
E.5.
Sampling at retail stage
E.6.
Specific method of sampling for dried spices except dried spices with large particle size and powdered spices traded in vacuum packages
E.7.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
F. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS; INFANT FORMULA, FOLLOW-ON FORMULA, FOODS FOR SPECIAL MEDICAL PURPOSES INTENDED FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN AND YOUNG CHILD FORMULA
F.1.
Method of sampling for milk, milk products, infant formula, follow-on formula, foods for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children and young child formula.
Form of commercialisation |
Volume or weight of lot (in litre or kg) |
Minimum number of incremental samples to be taken |
Minimum volume or weight of aggregate sample (in litre or kg) |
Bulk |
— |
3 -5 |
1 |
Bottles/packages |
≤ 50 |
3 |
1 |
Bottles/packages |
50 to 500 |
5 |
1 |
Bottles/packages |
> 500 |
10 |
1 |
F.2.
Sampling at retail stage
F.3.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
G. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR COFFEE, COFFEE PRODUCTS, COCOA, COCOA PRODUCTS, LIQUORICE ROOT AND LIQUORICE PRODUCTS
G.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
G.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for coffee, coffee products, cocoa, cocoa products, liquorice root and liquorice products
Commodity |
Lot weight (ton) |
Weight or number of sublots |
No incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Coffee, coffee products, cocoa, cocoa products, liquorice root and liquorice products |
≥ 15 |
15 -30 tonnes |
100 |
10 |
< 15 |
— |
10 -100 (*7) |
1 -10 |
G.3.
Method of sampling for coffee, coffee products, cocoa, cocoa products, liquorice root and liquorice products (lots ≥ 15 tonnes)
G.4.
Method of sampling for coffee, coffee products, cocoa, cocoa products, liquorice root and liquorice products (lots < 15 tonnes)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
No of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 0,1 |
10 |
1 |
> 0,1 – ≤ 0,2 |
15 |
1,5 |
> 0,2 – ≤ 0,5 |
20 |
2 |
> 0,5 – ≤ 1,0 |
30 |
3 |
> 1,0 – ≤ 2,0 |
40 |
4 |
> 2,0 – ≤ 5,0 |
60 |
6 |
> 5,0 – ≤ 10,0 |
80 |
8 |
> 10,0 – ≤ 15,0 |
100 |
10 |
G.5.
Method of sampling for coffee, coffee products, cocoa, cocoa products, liquorice root and liquorice products traded in vacuum packages
G.6.
Sampling at retail stage
G.7.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
H. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR BEVERAGES
H.1.
Method of sampling
Form of commercialisation |
Volume of lot (in litres) |
Minimum number of incremental samples to be taken |
Minimum volume of the aggregate sample (in litres) |
Bulk |
— |
3 |
1 |
Bottles/packages (beverages other than wine) |
≤ 50 |
3 |
1 |
Bottles/packages (beverages other than wine) |
50 to 500 |
5 |
1 |
Bottles/packages (beverages other than wine) |
> 500 |
10 |
1 |
Bottles/packages wine |
≤ 50 |
1 |
1 |
Bottles/packages wine |
50 to 500 |
2 |
1 |
Bottles/packages wine |
> 500 |
3 |
1 |
H.2.
Sampling at retail stage
H.3.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
I. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR SOLID PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS
I.1.
Method of sampling
Weight of lot (in kg) |
Minimum number of incremental samples to be taken |
Aggregate sample weight(kg) |
< 50 |
3 |
1 |
50 to 500 |
5 |
1 |
> 500 |
10 |
1 |
Number of packages or units in the lot |
Number of packages or units to be taken |
Aggregate sample weight(kg) |
1 to 25 |
1 package or unit |
1 |
26 to 100 |
about 5 %, at least two packages or units |
1 |
> 100 |
about 5 %, at maximum 10 packages or units |
1 |
I.2.
Sampling at retail stage
I.3.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
J. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR BABY FOODS AND PROCESSED CEREAL BASED FOODS FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
J.1.
Method of sampling
J.2.
Sampling at retail stage
J.3.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
K. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR VEGETABLE OILS
K.1.
Method of sampling for vegetable oils
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonne) |
Weight or number of sublots |
Minimum No incremental samples |
Minimum aggregate sample weight (kg) |
Vegetable oils |
≥ 1 500 |
500 tonnes |
3 |
1 |
> 300 and < 1 500 |
3 sublots |
3 |
1 |
|
≥ 50 and ≤ 300 |
100 tonnes |
3 |
1 |
|
< 50 |
— |
3 |
1 |
Form of commercialisation |
Weight of lot (in kg) Volume of lot (in litres) |
Minimum number of incremental samples to be taken |
Bulk (*8) |
— |
3 |
packages |
≤ 50 |
3 |
packages |
> 50 to 500 |
5 |
packages |
> 500 |
10 |
K.2.
Method of sampling for vegetable oils at retail stage
K.3.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
L. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR FOOD SUPPLEMENTS, POLLEN AND POLLEN PRODUCTS
L.1.
Weight of incremental sample and method of sampling
Lot size (number of retail/individual packages) |
Number of retail/individual packages to be taken for sample |
Sample size (minimum amount of the aggregate sample) |
||||||
1 -50 |
1 |
Food supplements as capsules/pills: Total content of the retail/individual package |
||||||
Other forms of food supplements – incremental samples of approx. 20 g or 20 ml
|
||||||||
51 -250 |
2 |
Food supplements as capsules/pills: total content of the two retail/individual packages |
||||||
Other forms of food supplements – incremental samples of approx. 20 g or 20 ml
|
||||||||
251 -1 000 |
4 |
Food supplements as capsules/pills: from each retail/individual package taken for sample, half of the capsules/pills |
||||||
Other forms of food supplements – incremental samples of approx. 20 g or 20 ml
|
||||||||
> 1 000 |
4 + 1 retail/individual packages per 1 000 retail/individual packages with a maximum of 25 retail/individual packages |
Food supplements as capsules/pills: ≤ 10 retail/individual packages: from each retail/individual package, half of the capsules/pills > 10 retail/individual packages: from each retail/individual package, an equal number of capsules/pills is taken to result in a sample with the equivalent of the content of retail/individual 5 packages |
||||||
Other forms of food supplements – incremental samples of approx. 20 g or 20 ml ≤ 10 retail/individual packages:
> 10 retail/individual packages – per 5 retail/individual packages:
|
||||||||
Unknown (only applicable for e-commerce) |
1 |
Food supplements as capsules/pills: total content of the package |
L.2.
Sampling at retail
L.3.
Acceptance of a lot
M. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR DRIED HERBS, HERBAL INFUSIONS (DRIED PRODUCT), TEAS (DRIED PRODUCT) AND POWDERED SPICES
M.1.
Weight of the incremental sample
M.2.
General survey of the method of sampling for dried herbs, herbal infusions (dried product), teas (dried product) and powdered spices
Commodity |
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Weight or number of sublots |
Number of incremental samples |
Aggregate sample weight (kg) |
dried herbs, herbal infusions (dried product) teas (dried product), powdered spices |
≥ 15 |
25 tonnes |
50 |
2 |
< 15 |
— |
3 – 50 (*9) |
0,1 – 2,0 |
M.3.
Method of sampling for dried herbs, herbal infusions (dried product), teas (dried product) and powdered spices (lots ≥ 15 tonnes)
M.4.
Method of sampling for dried herbs, herbal infusions (dried product) and teas (dried product) and powdered spices (lots < 15 tonnes)
Lot weight (tonnes) |
Minimum number of incremental samples |
Minimum aggregate sample weight (kg) |
≤ 0,1 |
3 |
0,1 |
> 0,1 – ≤ 0,5 |
10 |
0,4 |
> 0,5 – ≤ 5,0 |
25 |
1,0 |
> 5,0 – ≤ 10,0 |
35 |
1,4 |
> 10,0 – ≤ 15,0 |
50 |
2,0 |
M.5.
Sampling at retail stage
M.6.
Acceptance of a lot or sublot
N. METHOD OF SAMPLING FOR VERY LARGE LOTS OR LOTS STORED OR TRANSPORTED IN A WAY WHEREBY SAMPLING THROUGHOUT THE LOT IS NOT FEASIBLE
N.1.
General principles
N.2.
Number of incremental samples to be taken in the case of very large lots
N.3.
Large lots transported by ship
N.3.1.
Dynamic sampling of large lots transported by ship
N.3.2.
Sampling of lots transported by ship by static sampling
N.4.
Sampling of large lots stored in warehouses
N.5.
Sampling of storage facilities (silos)
N.5.1.
Sampling of silos (easily) accessible from above
N.5.2.
Sampling of silos not accessible from above (closed silos)
N.5.2.1.
Silos not accessible from above (closed silos) with individual sizes > 100 tonnes
N.5.2.2.
Silos not accessible from above (closed silos) with individual sizes < 100 tonnes
N.6.
Sampling of loose food in large closed containers
ANNEX II
Criteria for sample preparation and for methods of analysis used for the control of the levels of mycotoxins in food
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Precautions
1.2.
Calculation of proportion of shell/kernel of whole nuts/oilseeds (peanuts and other)
2. TREATMENT OF THE SAMPLE AS RECEIVED IN THE LABORATORY
3. REPLICATE SAMPLES
4. METHOD OF ANALYSIS TO BE USED BY THE LABORATORY AND LABORATORY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
4.1.
General requirements
4.2.
Specific requirements
4.2.1.
Specific requirements for confirmatory methods
4.2.1.1. Performance criteria
Mycotoxin |
Food |
LOQ requirement (μg/kg) |
Aflatoxins |
|
|
Aflatoxin B1 |
Baby food and processed cereal-based foods for infants and young children, and food for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children |
≤ 0,1 |
Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, each of the aflatoxins |
All other foods |
≤ 1 |
|
|
|
Ochratoxin A |
Liquorice confectionary containing < 97 % liquorice extract on dry basis |
≤ 10,0 |
|
Cocoa powder |
≤ 3,0 |
|
|
|
Ergot alkaloids (each of 12 epimers included in sum definition of ML) |
Cereals and cereal-based foods |
≤ 4 |
|
Processed cereal-based food for infants and young children |
≤ 2 |
4.2.1.2. Extension of the scope of the method
4.2.1.2.1.
Extension of scope to other mycotoxins:
4.2.1.2.2.
Extension to other commodities:
4.2.2.
Specific requirements for semi-quantitative screening methods
4.2.2.1. Scope
4.2.2.2. Validation procedure
4.2.2.2.1.
Initial validation by single laboratory validation
Mycotoxins
Matrices
Sample set
Concentration
4.2.2.2.2.
Initial validation through collaborative trials
4.2.2.3. Determination of cut-off value and rate of false suspected results of blank samples
Screening methods with a response proportional with the mycotoxin concentration
Screening methods with a response inversely proportional with the mycotoxin concentration
Fitness for purpose assessment
4.2.2.4. Extension of the scope of the method
4.2.2.4.1.
Extension of scope to other mycotoxins:
4.2.2.4.2.
Extension to other commodities:
4.2.2.5. Verification of methods already validated through collaborative trials
4.2.2.6. Continuous method verification/on-going method validation
4.2.2.7. Validation report
Commodity groups |
Commodity categories |
Typical representative commodities included in the category |
High water content |
Fruit Juices Alcoholic beverages Root and tuber vegetables Cereal or fruit based purees |
Apple juice, grape juice Wine, beer, cider Fresh ginger, herbal infusions (liquid) Purees intended for infants and small children |
High oil content |
Tree nuts Oil seeds and products thereof Oily fruits and products thereof |
Walnuts, hazelnuts, chestnuts rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseeds, soybeans, peanuts, sesame seeds etc. Oils and pastes (e.g. peanut butter, tahina) |
High starch and/or protein content and low water and fat content |
Cereal grain and products thereof Dietary products |
Wheat, rye, barley, maize, rice, oats Wholemeal bread, white bread, crackers, breakfast cereals, pasta Dried powders for the preparation of food for infants and small children |
High acid content and high water content (*1) |
Citrus products |
|
‘Difficult or unique commodities’ (*2) |
|
Cocoa beans and products thereof, copra and products thereof, coffee, tea (dried product) Spices, liquorice root, herbal infusions (dried product), food supplements, pollen, and pollen products |
High sugar low water content |
Dried fruits |
Figs, raisins, currants, sultanas |
Milk and milk products |
Milk Cheese Dairy products (e.g. milk powder) |
Cow, goat and buffalo milk Cow, goat cheese Yogurt, cream |
Meat (tissue) |
Edible offals Muscle, processed meat products |
Kidney, liver ham |
Degrees of Freedom |
Number of replicates |
t-value (5 %) |
10 |
11 |
1,812 |
11 |
12 |
1,796 |
12 |
13 |
1,782 |
13 |
14 |
1,771 |
14 |
15 |
1,761 |
15 |
16 |
1,753 |
16 |
17 |
1,746 |
17 |
18 |
1,74 |
18 |
19 |
1,734 |
19 |
20 |
1,729 |
20 |
21 |
1,725 |
21 |
22 |
1,721 |
22 |
23 |
1,717 |
23 |
24 |
1,714 |
24 |
25 |
1,711 |
25 |
26 |
1,708 |
26 |
27 |
1,706 |
27 |
28 |
1,703 |
28 |
29 |
1,701 |
29 |
30 |
1,699 |
30 |
31 |
1,697 |
40 |
41 |
1,684 |
60 |
61 |
1,671 |
120 |
121 |
1,658 |
∞ |
∞ |
1,645 |