COMMISSION DECISION (EU) 2015/801
of 20 May 2015
on reference document on best environmental management practice, sector environmental performance indicators and benchmarks of excellence for the retail trade sector under Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS)
(Text with EEA relevance)
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
ANNEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SCOPE
Category |
Character (6) |
Aspects covered in this document |
Energy performance |
Direct |
Building, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system (HVAC), refrigeration, lighting, appliances, renewable energy, energy monitoring |
Air Emissions |
Direct |
Refrigerants |
Supply Chain |
Indirect |
Business strategies, product prioritisation, improvement mechanisms, choice editing, environmental criteria, information and dissemination, environmental-labelling (including own-brand products (7)) |
Transport and logistics |
Direct/Indirect |
Monitoring, procurement, decision-making, transport modes, distribution network, planning, packaging design |
Waste |
Direct |
Food waste, packaging, return systems |
Materials and resources |
Direct |
Paper consumption |
Water |
Direct |
Rainwater collection and treatment |
Influence on consumers |
Indirect |
Environmental aspects associated with consumption, e.g. plastic bags |
3. BEST ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND BENCHMARKS OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE RETAIL TRADE SECTOR
3.1.
3.1.1.
Envelope element |
Technique |
Wall/façade/roof/floor — cellar ceiling |
Change insulation materials |
Techniques to increase the insulation thickness |
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Windows/glazing |
Change to more efficient glazing |
Change to more efficient sashes and frames |
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Shading |
Use of external and internal shading devices |
Air tightness |
Improvement of doors |
Fast acting doors |
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Sealing |
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Introduce buffer sections |
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Overall envelope |
Orientation |
Maintenance |
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.2.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.3.
Requirements |
Examples of measures to achieve them |
The building energy need for space heating and cooling must be lower than 15 kWh/m2yr The specific heat load must not exceed 10 W/m2 The building must not leak more air than 0,6 times its volume per hour Total primary energy use cannot be higher than 120 kWh/m2yr |
Improved insulation. Recommended U-values less than 0,15 W/m2K Design without thermal bridges Windows U-values lower than 0,85 W/m2K Air tight. Mechanical ventilation with heating recovery from exhaust air Install solar thermal systems or heat pumps (final energy demand excludes the contribution of solar and ambient energy used on site to produce heat) |
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.4.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.5.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.1.6.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.7.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.8.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.1.9.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.
3.2.1.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.2.
Standard |
Product groups |
Blue Angel EU Ecolabel Nordic Swan EU Energy Labelling (highest efficiency class) |
Non-food products |
Organic (as per Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 (15) and Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 (16)). Includes GOTS, KRAV, Soil Association, BioSuisse, etc. |
Food and natural fibre products |
Basic |
Improved |
Exemplary |
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Standard |
Product groups |
GlobalGAP (Good Agricultural Practice) and benchmarked standards |
Crops and livestock |
Oeko-Tex 1000 |
Textiles |
National/regional production certification (e.g. Red Tractor British origin certification) |
All products |
Red-listed fish (deselection) |
Fish |
Standards and initiatives |
Product groups |
BCI (Better Cotton Initiative) |
Cotton products |
BCRSP (Basel Criteria on Responsible Soy Production) |
Soy (feed supporting dairy, egg and meat) |
BSI (Better Sugarcane Initiative) |
Sugar products |
4C (Common Code for the Coffee Community Association) |
Coffee |
Fair-trade |
Agricultural products from developing regions |
RA (Rainforest Alliance) |
Agricultural products from tropics |
RSPO (Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil) |
Palm oil products |
PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forestry Certification) |
Wood and paper |
RTRS (Round Table on Responsible Soy) |
Soy (feed supporting dairy, egg and meat) |
UTZ |
Cocoa, coffee, palm oil, tea |
Standard |
Product groups |
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) |
Wood and paper |
MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) |
Wild-catch seafood |
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.3.
Product group |
Best practice examples (actual or target sales shares for different standards) |
Coffee, tea |
100 % Fair-trade; 100 % 4C |
Fruit and vegetables |
100 % Global GAP |
Fats and oils |
100 % RSPO; 100 % RTRS |
Seafood |
100 % MSC |
Sugar |
100 % Fair-trade |
Textiles |
100 % BCI |
Wood and paper |
100 % FSC |
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.4.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.5.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.2.6.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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— |
3.2.7.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.3.
3.3.1.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.3.2.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.3.3.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.3.4.
Ranking |
Transport mode |
1 |
Freight train |
2 |
Ocean ship |
3 |
Inland waterway |
4 |
Large truck |
5 |
Medium truck |
6 |
Small truck |
7 |
Air freight |
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.3.5.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.3.6.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.3.7.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.4.
3.4.1.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.4.2.
Environmental performance indicator |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.4.3.
Environmental performance indicator |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.5.
Environmental performance indicators |
Benchmarks of excellence |
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3.6.
Environmental performance indicator |
Benchmark of excellence |
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3.7.
Environmental performance indicator |
Benchmark of excellence |
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4. RECOMMENDED SECTOR SPECIFIC KEY ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Indicator |
Common Units |
Short description |
Recommended minimum level of monitoring |
Related core indicator according to Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 (Section C.2) |
Benchmark of excellence and related best environmental management practice |
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ENERGY PERFORMANCE |
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kWh/m2yr |
Energy use (electricity, heat, other fuels) per unit of sales area and year. Indications:
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Per store (site), distribution centre or other and at the organisational level (aggregated value) Per main energy-consuming processes: heat, electricity for refrigeration (where applicable) and electricity for all other uses |
Energy efficiency |
Specific energy use per m2 of sales area for heating, cooling and air conditioning lower or equal to 0 kWh/m2yr if waste heat from refrigeration can be integrated. Otherwise, lower or equal to 40 kWh/m2yr for new buildings and 55 kWh/m2yr for existing buildings. (see BEMPs: 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4) |
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kWh/myr |
Energy use of the refrigeration system per linear metre of display case and year. Indications:
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Per store (site) |
Energy efficiency |
Specific (linear) consumption of centralised refrigeration of 3 000 kWh/myr. (see BEMP: 3.1.6) |
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W/m2 |
Installed lighting power to meet illumination needs (basic and for product presentation purposes) per unit of sales area and year. Indications:
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Per store (site), distribution centre or other Per store area and per day period, where appropriate |
Energy efficiency |
Installed lighting power lower than 12 W/m2 for supermarkets and lower than 30 W/m2 for specialist shops. (see BEMP: 3.1.7) |
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% |
Percentage of stores monitored in the energy management system. Indications:
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Per store (site) Per process |
Energy efficiency |
100 % of stores and processes monitored. Benchmarking mechanisms implemented. (see BEMPs: 3.1.5, 3.1.8) |
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% |
Loss of refrigerants in relation to total refrigerant load of the installation. Indications:
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Per store (site), distribution centre or other and at the organisational level (aggregated value) Per type of refrigerant |
Emissions |
— (see BEMP: 3.1.6) |
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% |
Percentage of stores using natural refrigerants out of the total number of stores with refrigeration cabinets. Indications:
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Organisation level |
Emissions |
General use of natural refrigerants. (see BEMP: 3.1.6) |
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SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE |
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(y/n) |
This indicator states whether supply chain improvement programmes are implemented systematically for priority product groups. Indications:
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Organisation level, per product supply chain |
Supply chain environmental performance improvements cover:
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Systematic implementation of supply chain improvement programmes across priority product groups. (see BEMP: 3.2.1) |
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(y/n) |
This indicator refers to the assessment of supply chain environmental impacts and to the identification of effective product supply chain improvement mechanisms. Indications:
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Organisation level, per product supply chain |
Supply chain environmental performance improvements cover:
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Implementation of systematic assessment (independently or through consortia) of core product supply chains. (see BEMP: 3.2.2) |
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Percentage sales of products certified to specified environmental performance level |
The following rates should be considered. Percentage sales of:
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Organisation level, per product group |
The environmental standards address:
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100 % certification, within a product group, according to third party environmental standards. 100 % private label sales, within a product group, complying with retailer-defined environmental standards. 10 % sales within food product groups certified as organic. 50 % cotton sales certified as organic. 10 % sales within non-food product groups certified according to official (ISO Type-I) ecolabels. (see BEMPs: 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5, 3.2.6, 3.2.7) |
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TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE |
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MJ/tkm |
Direct fuel energy consumption per tonne kilometre transported, for total transport and by mode to compare modal options. Indications:
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Organisation level Per transport mode and major route |
Energy efficiency Material efficiency |
— (see BEMPs: 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7) |
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kg CO2 eq./tkm |
Provides an indication of the environmental efficiency of transport operations. Indications:
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Organisation level Per transport mode and major route Per fuel type |
Material efficiency Emissions |
— (see BEMPs: 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7) |
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kg CO2 eq./m3 (or pallet) delivered kg CO2 eq./per tonne product delivered |
Provides an indication of the final environmental impact of transport operations. This indicator reflects the distance the products are transported over. It is lower if the products are sourced locally/regionally. Indications:
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Organisation level Per transport mode and major route Per product group |
Material efficiency Emissions |
— (see BEMPs: 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7) |
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% |
This indicator shows the share of more efficient transport modes out of the total transport activities of the retailer. Indications:
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Organisation level Per major route or at least distinguishing between transport over land and overseas transport |
Energy efficiency Material efficiency |
Over 50 % of transport over land between first-tier suppliers and retail distribution centres (tkm or sales value) is by inland water/rail (where infrastructure allows). Over 99 % of overseas transport, according to sales value, is by ship. (see BEMP: 3.3.4) |
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(y/n) |
This indicator reflects whether the retailer has implemented a systematic optimisation of its distribution networks through the implementation of strategic hub locations, consolidated platforms, and direct routing. This includes back-hauling waste and supplier deliveries on store deliveries return journeys, use of telematics, and extended delivery windows. |
Organisation level |
Energy efficiency Material efficiency |
Systematic optimisation of route planning. (see BEMP: 3.3.5, 3.3.6) |
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% |
Indications:
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Organisation level |
Emissions |
100 % trucks comply with the EURO V standards. (see BEMP: 3.3.7) |
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WASTE MANAGEMENT |
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kg/yr tonnes/yr kg/m2yr |
Weight of produced waste per year. Indications:
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Organisation level Per type of waste: e.g. food waste, plastic, paper and cardboard, wood, metal, hazardous materials, etc. Per destination: reuse, external recycling, fermentation, donation, etc. |
Waste |
— (see BEMP: 3.4.1, 3.4.2) |
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% |
Percentage of food waste that is not sent to recovery operations, such as fermentation, out of the total food waste generated. |
Organisation level |
Waste |
0 % food waste sent to landfill or incineration. (see BEMP: 3.4.1) |
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% |
Weight of recycled materials divided by total amount of waste. Indications:
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Organisation level |
Material efficiency Waste |
A waste management system is integrated in the store and its objective is to recycle or reuse 100 % of secondary packaging materials. (see BEMP: 3.4.2) |
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% |
Consumer return rate of product packaging, such as plastic bottles, and used products, such as batteries and electronic equipments, out of the total sales of such products. Indications:
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Per type of returnable packaging/product |
Material efficiency Waste |
Consumer return of 80 % without deposit. Consumer return of 95 % with deposit. (see BEMP: 3.4.3) |
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MATERIALS CONSUMPTION EXCLUDING REFRIGERANTS |
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% |
Percentage of certified paper (e.g. FSC) or recycled paper used for commercial publications |
— |
Material Efficiency Waste |
100 % certified or recycled paper. (see BEMP: 3.5) |
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WATER MANAGEMENT |
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% |
Percentage of stores with a system of rainwater collection and/or rainwater infiltration systems |
— |
Water |
Rainwater collection and/or on-site infiltration are integrated in the water management system. (see BEMP: 3.6) |
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CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR |
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# |
Number of plastic bags given or sold at checkout counters. Indications:
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Free one-use plastic bags, free one-use biodegradable plastic bags, sold one-use plastic bags, sold reusable bags |
Material Efficiency Wastes |
Zero single-use bags available at check-outs. (see BEMP: 3.7) |