Regulation No 13 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to braking [2016/194]
1. SCOPE
2. DEFINITIONS
3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
4. APPROVAL
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. General
5.1.1. Braking system
5.1.2. Functions of the braking system
5.1.3. Connections, for compressed-air braking systems, between power-driven vehicles and trailers
5.1.4. Provisions for the periodic technical inspection of braking systems
Compressor/unloader valve(5) |
Max. cut-out pressure = …kPa |
Min. cut-in pressure = …kPa |
||
Four-circuit protection valve |
Static closing pressure = …kPa |
|||
Trailer control valve or relay(6) emergency valve, as appropriate |
Corresponding delivery pressure for a control pressure of 150 kPa = …kPa |
|||
Minimum design pressure in the service braking system for calculation(5) (7) |
|
|||
|
||||
|
Axle(s) |
|||
Brake cylinder type(8) Service/Parking |
/ |
/ |
/ |
|
Maximum stroke(8) smax = …mm |
|
|
|
|
Lever length(8) = …mm |
|
|
|
|
5.1.4.6. Reference braking forces
5.2. Characteristics of braking systems
5.2.1. Vehicles of categories M
2
, M
3
and N
5.2.1.11.2. Checking the wear of the service brake friction components
5.2.1.13. Warning device
5.2.1.26. Special additional requirements for the electric transmission of the parking braking system
5.2.1.27. Special additional requirements for service braking systems with electric control transmission
5.2.1.28. Special requirements for coupling force control
Diagram 1
Towing vehicles for trailers (except semi-trailers)
Diagram 2
Tractive units for semi-trailers
5.2.1.29. Brake failure and defect warning signal
5.2.1.30. Generation of a braking signal to illuminate stop lamps
Deceleration by the endurance braking and/or regenerative braking system |
|
≤ 1,3 m/s2 |
> 1,3 m/s2 |
May generate the signal |
Shall generate the signal |
|
The signal shall not be activated below |
N1 |
6 m/s2 |
M2, M3, N2 and N3 |
4 m/s2 |
5.2.2. Vehicles of category O
5.2.2.8.2. Checking the wear of the service brake friction components
5.2.2.15. Special additional requirements for service braking systems with electric control transmission
5.2.2.22. Activation of the service braking system.
6. TESTS
7. MODIFICATION OF VEHICLE TYPE OR BRAKING SYSTEM AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION (COP)
9. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
10. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
11. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF TYPE APPROVAL AUTHORITIES
12. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Vehicle category |
Application date (as from the date after entry into force of the 11 series of amendments, 11 July 2008) |
|
Vehicles not exempted from stability control requirements by paragraphs 5.2.1.32 and 5.2.2.23 including the footnotes |
M2 |
84 months (11 July 2015) |
M3 (Class III) |
36 months (11 July 2011) |
|
M3 < 16 tonnes (pneumatic transmission) |
48 months (11 July 2012) |
|
M3 (Class II and B) (hydraulic transmission) |
84 months (11 July 2015) |
|
M3 (Class III) (hydraulic transmission) |
84 months (11 July 2015) |
|
M3 (Class III) (pneumatic control transmission and hydraulic energy transmission) |
96 months (11 July 2016) |
|
M3 (Class II) (pneumatic control transmission and hydraulic energy transmission) |
96 months (11 July 2016) |
|
M3 (other than above) |
48 months (11 July 2012) |
|
N2 (hydraulic transmission) |
84 months (11 July 2015) |
|
N2 (pneumatic control transmission and hydraulic energy transmission) |
96 months (11 July 2016) |
|
N2 (other than above) |
72 months (11 July 2014) |
|
N3 (2 axle tractors for semi-trailers) |
36 months (11 July 2011) |
|
N3 (2 axle tractors for semi-trailers with pneumatic control transmission (ABS)) |
60 months (11 July 2013) |
|
N3 (3 axles with electric control transmission (EBS)) |
60 months (11 July 2013) |
|
N3 (2 and 3 axles with pneumatic control transmission (ABS)) |
72 months (11 July 2014) |
|
N3 (other than above) |
48 months (11 July 2013) |
|
O3 (combined axle load between 3,5 - 7,5 tonnes) |
72 months (11 July 2014) |
|
O3 (other than above) |
60 months (11 July 2013) |
|
O4 |
36 months (11 July 2011) |
|
Vehicles of category M, N and O exempted from stability control requirements (by paragraphs 5.2.1.32 and 5.2.2.23 including the footnotes) but not exempted from the other requirements of the 11 series of amendments |
24 October 2016 |
ANNEX 1
BRAKING EQUIPMENT, DEVICES, METHODS AND CONDITIONS NOT COVERED BY THIS REGULATION
ANNEX 2
Appendix 1(1)
List of vehicle data for the purpose of Regulation No 90 approvals
Appendix 2
Type approval certificate concerning the vehicle braking equipment
1. General
2. Annex 19 test reports
2.1. |
Diaphragm brake chambers: |
Report No … |
2.2. |
Spring Brakes: |
Report No … |
2.3. |
Trailer brake cold performance characteristics: |
Report No … |
2.4. |
Anti-lock braking system: |
Report No … |
3. Performance checks
3.1. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of Annex 4, paragraphs 3.1.2 and 1.2.7 (service braking cold performance) |
Yes/No(1) |
3.2. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of Annex 4, paragraph 3.2 (parking braking cold performance) |
Yes/No(1) |
3.3. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of Annex 4, paragraph 3.3 (emergency/automatic braking performance) |
Yes/No(1) |
3.4. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of Annex 10, paragraph 6 (braking performance in the case a failure in the braking distribution system) |
Yes/No(1) |
3.5. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of paragraph 5.2.2.14.1 to this Regulation (braking performance in the event of leakage from auxiliary equipment) |
Yes/No(1) |
3.6. |
The trailer fulfils the requirements of Annex 13 (anti-lock braking) |
Yes/No(1) |
ANNEX 3
ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS
MODEL A
(See paragraph 4.4 of this Regulation)
MODEL B
(See paragraph 4.5 of this Regulation)
MODEL C
(See paragraph 4.6 of this Regulation)
ANNEX 4
BRAKING TESTS AND PERFORMANCE OF BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. BRAKING TESTS
1.1. General
1.3. Behaviour of the vehicle during braking
1.4. Type-0 test (ordinary performance test with brakes cold)
1.4.1. General
1.4.2. Type-0 test with engine disconnected
1.4.3. Type-0 test with engine connected
1.4.4. Type-0 test for vehicles of category O, equipped with compressed-air brakes
1.5. Type-I test (fade test)
1.5.1. With repeated braking
Category of vehicles |
Conditions |
|||
v1 [km/h] |
v2 [km/h] |
Δt [sec] |
n |
|
M2 |
80 per cent vmax ≤ 100 |
1/2 v1 |
55 |
15 |
N1 |
80 per cent vmax ≤ 120 |
1/2 v1 |
55 |
15 |
M3, N2, N3 |
80 per cent vmax ≤ 60 |
1/2 v1 |
60 |
20 |
1.5.2. With continuous braking
Speed [km/h] |
Distance [metres] |
40 |
1 700 |
30 |
1 950 |
20 |
2 500 |
15 |
3 100 |
1.5.3. Hot performance
1.5.4. Free running test
1.6. Type-II test (downhill behaviour test)
1.7. Type-III test (fade test for laden vehicles of category O
4
or alternatively of category O
3
)
1.7.1. Track test
Number of brake applications |
20 |
Duration of a braking cycle |
60 s |
Initial speed at the beginning of braking |
60 km/h |
Braking applications |
In these tests, the force applied to the control shall be so adjusted as to attain the mean fully developed deceleration of 3 m/s2 in respect to the trailer mass PR at the first brake application; this force shall remain constant throughout the succeeding brake applications. |
1.7.2. Hot performance
1.7.3. Free running test
1.8. Type-IIA test (endurance braking performance)
1.8.2. Test conditions and performance requirements
2. PERFORMANCE OF BRAKING SYSTEMS OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M
2
, M
3
AND N
2.1. Service braking system
|
Category |
M2 |
M3 |
N1 |
N2 |
N3 |
Type of test |
0-I |
0-I-II or IIA |
0-I |
0-I |
0-I-II |
|
Type-0 test with engine disconnected |
v |
60 km/h |
60 km/h |
80 km/h |
60 km/h |
60 km/h |
s ≤ |
[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] |
|||||
dm ≥ |
5,0 m/s2 |
|||||
Type-0 test with engine connected |
v = 0,80 vmax but not exceeding |
100 km/h |
90 km/h |
120 km/h |
100 km/h |
90 km/h |
s ≤ |
[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] |
|||||
dm ≥ |
4,0 m/s2 |
|||||
|
F ≤ |
70 daN |
2.2. Secondary braking system
M2: 60 km/h |
M3: 60 km/h |
|
N1: 70 km/h |
N2: 50 km/h |
N3: 40 km/h |
2.3. Parking braking system
2.4. Residual braking after transmission failure
Vehicle Category |
v [km/h] |
Stopping distance LADEN [m] |
dm [m/s2] |
Stopping distance UNLADEN [m] |
dm [m/s2] |
M2 |
60 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/130) |
1,5 |
0,15v + (100/25) · (v2/130) |
1,3 |
M3 |
60 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/130) |
1,5 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/130) |
1,5 |
N1 |
70 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/115) |
1,3 |
0,15v + (100/25) · (v2/115) |
1,1 |
N2 |
50 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/115) |
1,3 |
0,15v + (100/25) · (v2/115) |
1,1 |
N3 |
40 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/115) |
1,3 |
0,15v + (100/30) · (v2/115) |
1,3 |
3. PERFORMANCE OF BRAKING SYSTEMS OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORY O
3.1. Service braking system
|
x [per cent] |
Full trailer, laden and unladen: |
50 |
Semi-trailer, laden and unladen: |
45 |
Centre-axle trailer, laden and unladen: |
50 |
|
x [per cent] |
Full trailer, laden and unladen: |
50 |
Semi-trailer, laden and unladen: |
45 |
Centre-axle trailer, laden and unladen: |
50 |
3.2. Parking braking system
3.3. Automatic braking system
4. RESPONSE TIME
Appendix
Procedure for monitoring the state of battery charge
1. PROCEDURE
ANNEX 5
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN VEHICLES AS SPECIFIED IN THE ADR
1. SCOPE
2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1. General provisions
2.2. Anti-lock braking system of trailers
2.3. Endurance braking system
2.4. Braking requirements for EX/III vehicles of categories O
1
and O
2
ANNEX 6
METHOD OF MEASURING THE RESPONSE TIME ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH COMPRESSED-AIR BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL
2. POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES
x [per cent] |
t [s] |
10 75 |
0,2 0,4 |
3. TRAILERS
3.5. Performance requirements
Appendix
Examples of simulator
(See Annex 6, paragraph 3)
1. Setting the Simulator
2. Testing the Trailer
3. Example of a simulator for electric control lines
ANNEX 7
PROVISIONS RELATING TO ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES (ENERGY ACCUMULATORS)
A. COMPRESSED-AIR BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. CAPACITY OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES (ENERGY RESERVOIRS)
1.1. General
1.2. Power-driven vehicles
1.3. Trailers
2. CAPACITY OF ENERGY SOURCES
2.1. General
2.2. Definitions
2.3. Conditions of measurement
2.4. Interpretation of results
2.5. Additional test
2.6. Towing vehicles
B. VACUUM BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. CAPACITY OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES (ENERGY RESERVOIRS)
1.1. General
1.2. Power-driven vehicles
1.3. Trailers (categories O
1
and O
2
only)
2. CAPACITY OF ENERGY SOURCES
2.1. General
2.2. Conditions of measurement
C. HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEMS WITH STORED ENERGY
1. CAPACITY OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES (ENERGY ACCUMULATORS)
1.1. General
1.2. Power-driven vehicles
2. CAPACITY OF HYDRAULIC FLUID ENERGY SOURCES
2.1.1. Definitions
2.1.2. Conditions of measurement
2.1.3. Interpretation of results
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF WARNING DEVICES
ANNEX 8
PROVISIONS RELATING TO SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR SPRING BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. DEFINITION
2. GENERAL
3. AUXILIARY RELEASE SYSTEM
ANNEX 9
PROVISIONS RELATING TO PARKING BRAKING SYSTEMS EQUIPPED WITH A MECHANICAL BRAKE-CYLINDER LOCKING DEVICE (LOCK ACTUATORS)
1. DEFINITION
2. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
ANNEX 10
DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING AMONG THE AXLES OF VEHICLES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN TOWING VEHICLES AND TRAILERS
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.3. Validation of the development of braking force.
2. SYMBOLS
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES
3.1. Two-axled vehicles
3.1.3. In the case of a power-driven vehicle authorised to tow trailers of category O
3
or O
4
fitted with compressed-air braking systems.
3.1.4. Verification of the requirements of paragraphs 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 above.
3.1.4.3. Procedure to verify the requirements of paragraph 3.1.4.2 above.
3.1.5. Towing vehicles other than tractors for semi-trailers
3.1.6. Tractors for semi-trailers
3.2. Vehicles with more than two axles
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SEMI-TRAILERS
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR FULL AND CENTRE-AXLE TRAILERS
6. REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET IN CASE OF FAILURE OF THE BRAKING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
7. MARKINGS
8. VEHICLE TESTING
Diagram 1A
Certain vehicles of category N
1
(see paragraph 3.1.2.1 of this annex)
Diagram 1B
Vehicles other than those of category N
1
and full trailers
(see paragraphs 3.1.2.3 and 5.1.1.2 of this annex)
Diagram 1C
Vehicles of category N
1
(with certain exceptions after 1 October 1990)
(see paragraph 3.1.2.2 of this annex)
Diagram 2
Towing vehicles and trailers (except tractors for semi-trailers and semi-trailers)
(see paragraph 3.1.5.1 of this annex)
Diagram 3
Tractors for semi-trailers
(see paragraph 3.1.6.3 of this annex)
Diagram 4A
Semi-trailers
(see paragraph 4 of this annex)
Diagram 4B
(See paragraph 4 and diagram 4A of this annex)
|
Laden |
Unladen |
P |
24 tonnes (240 kN) |
4,2 tonnes (42 kN) |
PR |
150 kN |
30 kN |
PRmax |
150 kN |
150 kN |
hR |
1,8 m |
1,4 m |
ER |
6,0 m |
6,0 m |
Diagram 5
Brake load sensing device
(see paragraph 7.4 of this annex)
Control data |
Vehicle loading |
Axle No 2 load at the ground [daN] |
Inlet pressure [kPa] |
Nominal outlet pressure [kPa] |
[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] |
Laden |
10 000 |
600 |
600 |
Unladen |
1 500 |
600 |
240 |
ANNEX 11
CASES IN WHICH TYPE-I AND/OR TYPE-II (OR TYPE-IIA) OR TYPE-III TESTS DO NOT HAVE TO BE CARRIED OUT
Appendix 1
|
Axles of the vehicle |
Reference axles |
||||
Static mass (P)(1) |
Braking force needed at wheels |
Speed |
Test mass (Pe)(1) |
Braking force developed at wheels |
Speed |
|
kg |
N |
km/h |
kg |
N |
km/h |
|
Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3 Axle 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table II
Reference axle …Report No …Date … (copy attached) |
||||
|
Type-I |
Type-III |
||
Braking force per axle (N) (see paragraph 4.2.1, Appendix 2) |
||||
Axle 1 |
T1 = …% Fe |
T1 = …% Fe |
||
Axle 2 |
T2 = …% Fe |
T2 = …% Fe |
||
Axle 3 |
T3 = …% Fe |
T3 = …% Fe |
||
Predicted actuator stroke (mm) (see paragraph 4.3.1.1, Appendix 2) |
||||
Axle 1 |
S1 = … |
s1 = … |
||
Axle 2 |
S2 = … |
s2 = … |
||
Axle 3 |
S3 = … |
s3 = … |
||
Average output thrust (N) (see paragraph 4.3.1.2, Appendix 2) |
||||
Axle 1 |
ThA1 = … |
ThA1 = … |
||
Axle 2 |
ThA2 = … |
ThA2 = … |
||
Axle 3 |
ThA3 = … |
ThA3 = … |
||
Braking performance (N) (see paragraph 4.3.1.4, Appendix 2) |
||||
Axle 1 |
T1 = … |
T1 = … |
||
Axle 2 |
T2 = … |
T2 = … |
||
Axle 3 |
T3 = … |
T3 = … |
||
|
Type-0 subject trailer test result (E) |
Type-I hot (predicted) |
Type-III hot (predicted) |
|
Braking performance of vehicle (see paragraph 4.3.2, Appendix 2) |
||||
Hot braking requirements (see paragraphs 1.5.3, 1.6.3 and 1.7.2 of Annex 4) |
|
≥ 0,36 and ≥ 0,60 E |
≥ 0,40 and ≥ 0,60 E |
Appendix 2
Alternative procedures for Type-I and Type-III tests for trailer brakes
1. GENERAL
2. SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS
2.1. Symbols
2.2. Definitions
2.2.1. Mass of a disc or drum
3. TEST METHODS
3.1. Track tests
3.2. Inertia dynamometer tests
3.3. Rolling road dynamometer tests
3.4. Test conditions (General)
3.5. Test procedures
3.5.1. Supplementary cold performance test
3.5.2. Fade test (Type-I test)
3.5.3. Fade test (Type-III test)
3.5.3.1. Test methods for repeated braking
Number of brake applications |
20 |
Duration of braking cycle (braking time 25 s and recovery time 35 s) |
60 s |
Test speed |
30 km/h |
Braking rate |
0,06 |
Rolling resistance |
0,01 |
3.6. Performance requirements for automatic brake adjustment devices
3.6.2.1. Brake performance
3.6.3. Free running test
3.7. Identification
3.7.2. Identifiers
3.7.2.1. Axle identifier
3.7.2.2. Brake identifier
3.7.2.2.1. Differences allowed within the same brake identifier
3.7.2.3. F
e
identifier
3.7.2.4. Test report identifier
3.7.3. Automatic brake adjustment device (integrated and non-integrated)
3.7.3.1. Types of automatic brake adjustment device
3.7.3.2. Versions of automatic brake adjustment device, with respect to the adjustment behaviour
3.8. Test criteria
Abbreviations shown below are used in the subsequent table: |
|||||||||
CT (complete test) |
Test according to Annex 11, Appendix 2:
Test according to Annex 19:
|
||||||||
FT (fade test) |
Test according to Annex 11, Appendix 2:
|
Differences according to paragraph 3.7.2.2.1 above |
Test criteria |
||||||
|
Change allowed without additional testing |
||||||
|
CT: The lightest variant shall be tested. If the nominal test mass for a new variant deviates less than 5 per cent from a previously tested variant with a higher nominal value then the test of the lighter version may be dispensed with. The actual test mass of the test specimen may vary ± 5 per cent from the nominal test mass. |
||||||
|
The worst case specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the Technical Services conducting the test |
||||||
|
Change allowed without additional testing |
||||||
|
The worst case is considered to be the lowest cam shaft torsional stiffness and shall be verified by either:
|
||||||
|
It shall be checked that the brake performance remains within the corridors of Diagram 2 of Annex 19 — Part 1. |
||||||
|
The worst case test is considered the smallest diameter The actual external diameter of the test specimen may vary ± 1 mm from the nominal external diameter specified by the axle manufacturer. |
||||||
|
Each type shall be tested |
||||||
|
Each type shall be tested |
||||||
|
Testing is not required for this feature |
||||||
|
Testing is not required for this feature |
||||||
|
Each type of brake lining |
||||||
|
Test not required for this condition |
||||||
|
Worst case test conditions(2):
|
3.9. Test report
3.9.1. Test report number
3.9.2. Test code
3.9.3. Test results
3.9.4. Information document
4. VERIFICATION
4.1. Verification of components
4.2. Verification of brake energy absorbed
4.3. Verification of hot performance
Appendix 3
Model test report form as prescribed in paragraph 3.9 of Appendix 2 to this annex
Test Report |
No … |
Base part: |
ID4- … |
Suffix: |
… |
2. Test Record
2.2.1. Axle
2.2.2. Brake
2.2.2.6. Brake drum/disc(1)
2.2.2.7. Brake lining or pad(5)
2.2.3. Automatic brake adjustment device (not applicable in the case of integrated automatic brake adjustment device)(5)
2.2.4. Wheel(s) (dimensions see Figures 1A and 1B in Appendix 5 to this annex)
Tyre size |
Rim size |
Xe (mm) |
De (mm) |
Ee (mm) |
Ge (mm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2.6. Brake actuator
2.3. Test results (corrected to take account of rolling resistance of 0,01 · F
e
)
Test type: |
0 |
I |
|
Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph: |
3.5.1.2 |
3.5.2.2/3 |
3.5.2.4 |
Test speed …km/h |
40 |
40 |
40 |
Brake actuator pressure pe …kPa |
|
— |
|
Braking time …min |
— |
2,55 |
— |
Brake force developed Te …daN |
|
|
|
Brake efficiency Te/Fe …- |
|
|
|
Actuator stroke se …mm |
|
— |
|
Brake input torque Ce …Nm |
|
— |
|
Brake input threshold torque C0,e …Nm |
|
|
|
Test type: |
0 |
III |
|
Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph: |
3.5.1.2 |
3.5.3.1 |
3.5.3.2 |
Test speed initial …km/h |
60 |
|
60 |
Test speed final …km/h |
|
|
|
Brake actuator pressure pe …kPa |
|
— |
|
Number of brake applications …- |
— |
20 |
— |
Duration of braking cycle …s |
— |
60 |
— |
Brake force developed Te …daN |
|
|
|
Brake efficiency Te/Fe …- |
|
|
|
Actuator stroke se …mm |
|
— |
|
Brake input torque Ce …Nm |
|
— |
|
Brake input threshold torque C0,e …Nm |
|
— |
|
2.3.4. Performance of the automatic brake adjustment device (if applicable)
3. Application range
Appendix 4
Model test report form for an alternative automatic brake adjustment device as prescribed in paragraph 3.7.3 of Appendix 2 to this annex
1. Identification
1.1. Axle:
1.2. Brake:
1.3. Actuation:
1.4. Automatic brake adjustment device:
2. Record of test results
2.1. Performance of the automatic brake adjustment device
7. Technical Service(3) carrying out the test
8. Type Approval Authority(3)
Appendix 5
Trailer axle and brake information document with respect to the alternative Type-I and Type-III procedure
1. General
2. Axle data
Figure 1A
Figure 1B
3. Brake
3.1. General information
Figure 2A
Figure 2B
xe (mm) |
ae (mm) |
he (mm) |
ce (mm) |
de (mm) |
ee (mm) |
α0e |
α1e |
be (mm) |
re (mm) |
Ae (cm2) |
S1e (mm) |
S2e (mm) |
S3e (mm) |
3.2. Drum brake data
3.3. Brake drum
3.4. Brake lining
3.5. Disc brake data
ANNEX 12
CONDITIONS GOVERNING THE TESTING OF VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH INERTIA (OVERRUN) BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.6. Tests
2. SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS
2.1. Units used
2.2. Symbols valid for all types of brakes (see Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to this annex)
2.3. Symbols valid for mechanical-transmission braking systems (see Figure 5 of Appendix 1 to this annex);
2.4. Symbols valid for hydraulic-transmission braking systems (see Figure 8 of Appendix 1 to this annex)
2.5. Symbols with respect to the braking requirements relating to overload protectors
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL DEVICES
5. TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS TO BE CARRIED OUT ON THE CONTROL DEVICES
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR BRAKES
6.2. Testing conditions
7. TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS TO BE CARRIED PUT ON THE BRAKES
7.5. Alternative procedure for the Type-I test
8. SIMULATED GRADIENT PARKING BRAKE FORCE DIFFERENTIAL
8.1. Calculation method
9. TEST REPORTS
10. COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE CONTROL DEVICE AND THE BRAKES OF A VEHICLE
10.2. General checks for all types of brakes
10.2.2. Mass
10.2.3. Forces
10.3. Check of braking efficiency
10.4. Check of control travel
10.5. Additional checks
11. GENERAL COMMENTS
Appendix 1
Figure 1
Symbols valid for all types of brakes
(See paragraph 2.2 of this annex)
Figure 2
Mechanical-transmission
(See paragraphs 2.2.10 and 5.3.2 of this annex)
Figure 3
Hydraulic-transmission
(See paragraphs 2.2.10 and 5.4.2 of this annex)
Figure 4
Brake checks
(See paragraphs 2.2.22 and 2.3.4 of this annex)
Figure 5
Mechanical -transmission braking system
(See paragraph 2.3 of this annex)
Figure 5A
Mechanical-transmission braking system
(See paragraph 2.3 of this annex)
Figure 6
Mechanical Brake
(See paragraph 2 of this annex)
Figure 7
Hydraulic Brake
(See paragraph 2 of this annex)
Figure 8
Hydraulic-Transmission Braking System
(See paragraph 2 of this annex)
Appendix 2
Test report on inertia-braking system control device
Appendix 3
Test report on the brake
|
Mechanical brake(1) |
|
Hydraulic brake(1) |
9.1. |
Reduction ratio |
9.1.A. |
Reduction ratio |
ig = …(2) |
i′g = …(2) |
||
9.2. |
Lift (application travel) |
9.2.A. |
Lift (application travel) |
sB = …mm |
sB = …m |
||
9.3. |
Prescribed lift |
9.3.A. |
Prescribed lift |
(prescribed application travel) sB* = …mm |
(prescribed application travel) sB* = …mm |
||
9.4. |
Retraction force |
9.4.A. |
Retraction pressure |
Po = …N |
po= …N/cm2 |
||
9.5. |
Coefficient (characteristic) |
9.5.A. |
Coefficient (characteristic) |
ρ = …m |
ρ′ = …m |
||
9.6. |
An overload protector according to paragraph 3.6 of this annex is/is not provided(1) |
9.6.A. |
An overload protector according to paragraph 3.6 of this annex is/is not provided(1) |
9.6.1. |
Braking torque activating the overload protector |
9.6.1.A. |
Braking torque activating the overload protector |
Mop = …Nm |
Mop = …Nm |
||
9.7. |
Force for M* |
9.7.A. |
Pressure for M* |
P* = …N |
p* = …N/cm2 |
||
9.8. |
|
9.8.A. |
Surface area of wheel cylinder FRZ = …cm2 |
9.9. |
|
9.9.A. |
Fluid volume absorption (for disk brakes) V60 = …cm3 |
Appendix 4
Test report on the compatibility of the inertia brake control device, the transmission and the brakes on the trailer
ANNEX 13
TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES FITTED WITH ANTI-LOCK SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL
2. DEFINITIONS
3. TYPES OF ANTI-LOCK SYSTEMS
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5. SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES
5.1. Energy consumption
5.1.1. Test procedure
5.1.2. Additional requirements
5.2. Utilisation of adhesion
5.3. Additional checks
|
Vehicle category |
Maximum test speed |
High-adhesion surface |
All categories except N2, N3 laden |
0,8 vmax ≤ 120 km/h |
N2, N3 laden |
0,8 vmax ≤ 80 km/h |
|
Low-adhesion surface |
N1 |
0,8 vmax ≤ 120 km/h |
M2, M3, N2 except tractors for semi-trailers |
0,8 vmax ≤ 80 km/h |
|
N3 and N2 tractors for semi-trailers |
0,8 vmax ≤ 70 km/h |
6. SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRAILERS
6.1. Energy consumption
6.2. Utilisation of adhesion
6.3. Additional checks
Appendix 1
Symbols and definitions
Symbols |
Definitions |
E |
Wheelbase |
ER |
Distance between king-pin and centre of axle or axles of semi-trailer (or distance between drawbar coupling and centre of axle or axles of centre-axle trailer) |
ε |
The adhesion utilised of the vehicle: quotient of the maximum braking rate with the anti-lock system operative (zAL) and the coefficient of adhesion (k) |
εi |
The ε-value measured on axle i (in the case of a power-driven vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock system) |
εH |
The ε-value on the high-adhesion surface |
εL |
The ε-value on the low-adhesion surface |
F |
Force [N] |
FbR |
Braking force of the trailer with the anti-lock system inoperative |
FbRmax |
Maximum value of FbR |
FbRmaxi |
value of FbRmax with only axle i of the trailer braked |
FbRAL |
Braking force of the trailer with the anti-lock system operative |
FCnd |
Total normal reaction of road surface on the unbraked and non-driven axles of the vehicle combination under static conditions |
FCd |
Total normal reaction of road surface on the unbraked and driven axles of the vehicle combination under static conditions |
Fdyn |
Normal reaction of road surface under dynamic conditions with the anti-lock system operative |
Fidyn |
Fdyn on axle i in case of power-driven vehicles or full trailers |
Fi |
Normal reaction of road surface on axle i under static conditions |
FM |
Total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of power-driven (towing) vehicle |
FMnd (1) |
Total normal static reaction of road surface on the unbraked and non-driven axles of the power-driven vehicle |
FMd (1) |
Total normal static reaction of road surface on the unbraked and driven axles of the power-driven vehicle |
FR |
Total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of trailer |
FRdyn |
Total normal dynamic reaction of road surface on the axle(s) of semi-trailer or centre-axle trailer |
FWM (1) |
0,01 FMnd + 0,015 FMd |
g |
Acceleration due to gravity (9,81 m/s2) |
h |
Height of centre of gravity specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the Technical Service conducting the approval test |
hD |
Height of drawbar (hinge point on trailer) |
hK |
Height of fifth wheel coupling (king pin) |
hR |
Height of centre of gravity of the trailer |
k |
Coefficient of adhesion between tyre and road |
kf |
k-factor of one front axle |
kH |
k-value determined on the high-adhesion surface |
kI |
k-value determined on axle i for a vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock system |
kL |
k-value determined on the low-adhesion surface |
klock |
Value of adhesion for 100 % slip |
kM |
k-factor of the power-driven vehicle |
kpeak |
Maximum value of the curve ‘adhesion versus slip’ |
kr |
k-factor of one rear axle |
kR |
k-factor of the trailer |
P |
Mass of individual vehicle [kg] |
R |
Ratio of kpeak to klock |
t |
Time interval [s] |
tm |
Mean value of t |
tmin |
Minimum value of t |
z |
Braking rate |
zAL |
Braking rate z of the vehicle with the anti-lock system operative |
zC |
Braking rate z of the vehicle combination, with the trailer only braked and the anti-lock system inoperative |
zCAL |
Braking rate z of the vehicle combination, with the trailer only braked and the anti-lock system operative |
zCmax |
Maximum value of zC |
zCmaxi |
Maximum value of zC with only axle i of the trailer braked |
zm |
mean braking rate |
zmax |
Maximum value of z |
zMALS |
zAL of the power-driven vehicle on a ‘split surface’ |
zR |
Braking rate z of the trailer with the anti-lock system inoperative |
zRAL |
zAL of the trailer obtained by braking all the axles, the towing vehicle unbraked and its engine disengaged |
zRALH |
zRAL on the surface with the high coefficient of adhesion |
zRALL |
zRAL on the surface with the low coefficient of adhesion |
zRALS |
zRAL on the split-surface |
zRH |
zR on the surface with the high coefficient of adhesion |
zRL |
zR on the surface with the low coefficient of adhesion |
zRHmax |
Maximum value of zRH |
zRLmax |
Maximum value of zRL |
zRmax |
Maximum value of zR |
Appendix 2
Utilisation of adhesion
1. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT FOR POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES
1.1. Determination of the coefficient of adhesion (k)
1.2. Determination of the adhesion utilised (ε)
2. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT FOR TRAILERS
2.1. General
2.2. Full trailers
2.3. Semi-trailers and centre-axle trailers
Appendix 3
Performance on differing adhesion surfaces
1. POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES
2. TRAILERS
Appendix 4
Method of selection of the low-adhesion surfaces
ANNEX 14
TEST CONDITIONS FOR TRAILERS WITH ELECTRICAL BRAKING SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL
2. CONDITIONS CONCERNING THE TRAILER
3. PERFORMANCE
Appendix
Compatibility of the braking rate of the trailer and the mean fully developed deceleration of the tractor/trailer combination (trailer laden and unladen)
ANNEX 15
INERTIA DYNAMOMETER TEST METHOD FOR BRAKE LININGS
1. GENERAL
2. TEST EQUIPMENT
3. TEST CONDITIONS
4. TEST PROCEDURE
4.3. Type-0 cold performance test
4.4. Type-I test (fade test)
4.4.1. With repeated braking
4.4.2. With continuous braking
4.4.3. Hot performance
4.5. Type-II test (downhill behaviour test):
4.5.3. Hot performance
4.6. Type-III test (fade test)
4.6.1. Test with repeated braking
4.6.2. Hot performance
5. INSPECTION OF BRAKE LININGS
ANNEX 16
COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN TOWING VEHICLES AND TRAILERS WITH RESPECT TO ISO 11992 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
1. GENERAL
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Regulation No 13 Reference |
Service/secondary brake demand value |
EBS11 Byte 3-4 |
Annex 10, paragraph 3.1.3.2. |
Two electrical circuits brake demand value |
EBS12 Byte 3 Bit 1-2 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.1.3.2. |
Pneumatic control line |
EBS12 Byte 3 Bit 5-6 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.1.3.2. |
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Regulation No 13 Reference |
VDC Active/passive(1) |
EBS21 Byte 2 Bit 1-2 |
Annex 21, paragraph 2.1.6. |
Vehicle electrical supply sufficient/insufficient |
EBS22 Byte 2 Bit 1-2 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.2.2.20. |
Red warning signal request |
EBS22 Byte 2 Bit 3-4 |
Regulation No 13, paragraphs 5.2.2.15.2.1, 5.2.2.16 and 5.2.2.20. |
Supply line braking request |
EBS22 Byte 4 Bit 3-4 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.2.2.15.2. |
Stop lamps request |
EBS22 Byte 4 Bit 5-6 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.2.2.22.1. |
Vehicle pneumatic supply sufficient/insufficient |
EBS23 Byte 1 Bit 7-8 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.2.2.16. |
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Driver Warning Required |
VDC Active/Passive(2) |
EBS21 Byte 2 Bit 1-2 |
Annex 21, paragraph 2.1.6. |
Red warning signal request |
EBS22 Byte 2 Bit 3-4 |
Regulation No 13, paragraph 5.2.1.29.2.1. |
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Vehicle service brake active/passive |
EBS22 Byte 1, Bit 5-6 |
Braking via electric control line supported |
EBS22 Byte 4, Bit 7-8 |
Geometric data index |
EBS24 Byte 1 |
Geometric data index content |
EBS24 Byte 2 |
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Vehicle type |
EBS11 Byte 2, Bit 3-4 |
VDC (Vehicle Dynamic Control) Active/passive(3) |
EBS11 Byte 2, Bit 5-6 |
Brake demand value for front or left side of vehicle |
EBS11 Byte 7 |
Brake demand value for rear or right side of vehicle |
EBS11 Byte 8 |
ROP (Roll Over Protection) system enabled/disabled(4) |
EBS12 Byte 1, Bit 3-4 |
YC (Yaw Control) system enabled/disabled(5) |
EBS12 Byte 1, Bit 5-6 |
Enable/disable trailer ROP (Roll Over Protection) system(4) |
EBS12 Byte 2, Bit 1-2 |
Enable/disable trailer YC (Yaw Control) system(5) |
EBS12 Byte 2, Bit 3-4 |
Traction help request |
RGE11 Byte 1, Bit 7-8 |
Lift axle 1 — position request |
RGE11 Byte 2, Bit 1-2 |
Lift axle 2 — position request |
RGE11 Byte 2, Bit 3-4 |
Steering axle locking request |
RGE11 Byte 2, Bit 5-6 |
Seconds |
TD11 Byte 1 |
Minutes |
TD11 Byte 2 |
Hours |
TD11 Byte 3 |
Months |
TD11 Byte 4 |
Day |
TD11 Byte 5 |
Year |
TD11 Byte 6 |
Local minute offset |
TD11 Byte 7 |
Local hour offset |
TD11 Byte 8 |
Function/Parameter |
ISO 11992-2:2003 Reference |
Support of side or axle wise brake force distribution |
EBS21 Byte 2, Bit 3-4 |
Wheel based vehicle speed |
EBS21 Byte 3-4 |
Lateral acceleration |
EBS21 Byte 8 |
Vehicle ABS active/passive |
EBS22 Byte 1, Bit 1-2 |
Amber warning signal request |
EBS22 Byte 2, Bit 5-6 |
Vehicle type |
EBS22 Byte 3, Bit 5-6 |
Loading ramp approach assistance |
EBS22 Byte 4, Bit 1-2 |
Axle load sum |
EBS22 Byte 5-6 |
Tyre pressure sufficient/insufficient |
EBS23 Byte 1, Bit 1-2 |
Brake lining sufficient/insufficient |
EBS23 Byte 1, Bit 3-4 |
Brake temperature status |
EBS23 Byte 1, Bit 5-6 |
Tyre/wheel identification (pressure) |
EBS23 Byte 2 |
Tyre/wheel identification (lining) |
EBS23 Byte 3 |
Tyre/wheel identification (temperature) |
EBS23 Byte 4 |
Tyre pressure (actual tyre pressure) |
EBS23 Byte 5 |
Brake lining |
EBS23 Byte 6 |
Brake temperature |
EBS23 Byte 7 |
Brake cylinder pressure first axle left wheel |
EBS25 Byte 1 |
Brake cylinder pressure first axle right wheel |
EBS25 Byte 2 |
Brake cylinder pressure second axle left wheel |
EBS25 Byte 3 |
Brake cylinder pressure second axle right wheel |
EBS25 Byte 4 |
Brake cylinder pressure third axle left wheel |
EBS25 Byte 5 |
Brake cylinder pressure third axle right wheel |
EBS25 Byte 6 |
ROP (Roll Over Protection) system enabled/disabled(6) |
EBS25 Byte 7, Bit 1-2 |
YC (Yaw Control) system enabled/disabled(7) |
EBS25 Byte 7, Bit 3-4 |
Traction help |
RGE21 Byte 1, Bit 5-6 |
Lift axle 1 position |
RGE21 Byte 2, Bit 1-2 |
Lift axle 2 position |
RGE21 Byte 2, Bit 3-4 |
Steering axle locking |
RGE21 Byte 2, Bit 5-6 |
Tyre/wheel identification |
RGE23 Byte 1 |
Tyre temperature |
RGE23 Byte 2-3 |
Air leakage detection (Tyre) |
RGE23 Byte 4-5 |
Tyre pressure threshold detection |
RGE23 Byte 6, Bit 1-3 |
ANNEX 17
TEST PROCEDURE TO ASSESS THE FUNCTIONAL COMPATIBILITY OF VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH ELECTRIC CONTROL LINES
1. GENERAL
2. INFORMATION DOCUMENT
3. TOWING VEHICLES
3.1. ISO 11992 trailer simulator
3.2. Checking procedure
Control line signalling |
EBS 12 Byte 3 |
|
Bits 1 - 2 |
Bits 5 - 6 |
|
Service braking demand generated from one electrical circuit |
00b |
|
Service braking demand generated from two electrical circuits |
01b |
|
Vehicle is not equipped with a pneumatic control line(1) |
|
00b |
Vehicle is equipped with a pneumatic control line |
|
01b |
Test condition |
Byte reference |
Electrical control line signal value |
Service brake pedal and secondary brake control released |
3 - 4 |
0 |
Service brake pedal fully applied |
3 - 4 |
33280d to 43520d (650 to 850 kPa) |
Secondary brake fully applied(2) |
3 - 4 |
33280d to 43520d (650 to 850 kPa) |
3.2.2.6. Illumination of stop lamps
3.2.2.7. Intervention of trailer stability function
3.2.3. Additional checks
4. TRAILERS
4.1. ISO 11992 towing vehicle simulator
4.2. Checking procedure
Message transmitted by the simulator |
Pressure at the brake chambers |
|
Byte reference |
Digital demand value |
|
3 - 4 |
0 |
0 kPa |
3 - 4 |
33280d (650 kPa) |
As defined in the vehicle manufacturer's brake calculation |
Message transmitted by the simulator |
Pressure at the brake chambers |
|
Byte reference |
Digital demand value |
|
3 - 4 |
0 |
0 kPa |
3 - 4 |
33280d (650 kPa) |
As defined in the vehicle manufacturer's brake calculation |
EBS 12, Byte 3, Bit 1-2 |
Pressure in the brake chambers or reaction of the trailer |
01b |
0 kPa (service brake released) |
00b |
The trailer is automatically braked to demonstrate that the combination is not compatible. A signal should also be transmitted via pin 5 of the ISO 7638:2003 connector (yellow warning). |
Test condition |
Braking system response |
With no faults present in the trailer braking system |
Check that the braking system is communicating with the simulator and that byte 4, bits 3-4 of EBS 22 is set to 00b. |
Introduce a failure in the electric control transmission of the trailer braking system that prevents at least 30 per cent of the prescribed braking performance from being maintained |
Check that byte 4, bits 3-4 of EBS 22 is set to 01b or The data communications to the simulator has been terminated |
4.2.2.2. Failure warning
4.2.2.3. Response time checking
4.2.2.4. Automatically commanded braking
4.2.2.5. Vehicle stability function
4.2.2.6. Support of the electric control line
4.2.3. Additional checks
ANNEX 18
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS TO BE APPLIED TO THE SAFETY ASPECTS OF COMPLEX ELECTRONIC VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEMS
1. GENERAL
2. DEFINITIONS
3. DOCUMENTATION
3.1. Requirements
3.2. Description of the functions of ‘the system’
3.3. System layout and schematics
3.3.1. Inventory of components
3.3.2. Functions of the units
3.3.3. Interconnections
3.3.4. Signal flow and priorities
3.3.5. Identification of units
3.4. Safety concept of the manufacturer
4. VERIFICATION AND TEST
4.1.1. Verification of the function of ‘the system’
4.1.2. Verification of the safety concept of paragraph 3.4 above
ANNEX 19
PERFORMANCE TESTING OF BRAKING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
PART 1
Performance testing of trailer braking components
1. GENERAL
2. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIAPHRAGM BRAKE CHAMBERS
2.1. General
2.2. Test procedure
2.3. Verification
Diagram 1
2.4. Verification report
3. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR SPRING BRAKES
3.1. General
3.2. Test procedure
3.3. Verification:
3.4. Verification report
4. COLD PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR TRAILER BRAKES
4.1. General
4.2. Brake factor and brake threshold torque
4.3. Information document
4.3.2. Additional information
4.4. Test procedure
4.4.1. Preparation
4.4.2. Bedding in (burnishing) procedure
4.4.3. Verification test
4.5. Test methods
4.5.1. Track test
4.5.2. Inertia dynamometer test
4.5.3. Rolling road test
4.6. Verification report
Diagram 2
5. ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEMS (ABS)
5.1. General
5.2. Information document
5.3. Definition of test vehicles
5.4. Test schedule
5.4.1.2. Energy consumption
5.4.1.4. Low and high speed performance
5.4.1.5. Additional checks
5.5. Approval report
6. VEHICLE STABILITY FUNCTION
6.1. General
6.2. Information document
6.3. Definition of test vehicle(s)
6.4. Test schedule
6.5. Towing vehicle
6.6. Test report
PART 2
Performance testing of motor vehicle braking components
1. GENERAL
1.1. A vehicle stability function.
1.1.1. General
1.1.2. Information document
1.1.3. Definition of test vehicle(s)
1.1.4. Test schedule
1.1.4.2. Evaluation of buses
1.1.5. Test report
Appendix 1
Model verification report form for diaphragm brake chambers
4. Scope of application
Appendix 2
Model reference record of test results for diaphragm brake chambers
Pressure(2) p - (kPa) |
Average thrust ThA - (N) |
Effective stroke sp - (mm) |
|
|
|
Appendix 3
Model verification report form for spring brakes
Appendix 4
Model reference record of test results for spring brakes
Stroke(2) S - (mm) |
Thrust Ths - (N) |
|
|
Appendix 5
Trailer anti-lock braking system information document
1. General
2. Applications
3. Component description
Appendix 6
Trailer anti-lock braking system test report
1. Identification
2. System(s) and Installation(s) approved
3. Test data and results
4. Limits of installation
Appendix 7
Vehicle (trailer) stability function information document
1. General
2. Applications
3. Component description
3.5. Pneumatic circuits
3.7. Electro-magnetic compatibility
Appendix 8
Vehicle (trailer) stability function test report
1. Identification
2. System(s) and installations approved:
3. Test data and results
4. Limits of installation
Appendix 9
Symbols and definitions
Symbol |
Definition |
BF |
Brake factor (input torque to output torque amplification ratio) |
CO |
Threshold input torque (minimum torque necessary to produce a measurable brake torque) |
D |
Outer tyre diameter (overall diameter of an inflated new tyre) |
d |
A conventional number denoting the nominal rim diameter and corresponding to the diameter of the rim expressed either in inches or mm |
FB |
Brake force |
H |
Nominal tyre section height (the distance equal to half the difference between the outer diameter of the tyre and the nominal rim diameter) |
I |
Rotary inertia |
lT |
Brake lever length of reference test trailer |
Mt |
Average brake output torque |
ne |
Equivalent number of static brake applications for the purpose of type approval |
ner |
Equivalent number of static applications obtained during testing |
nD |
Rotational speed of the rolling road |
nW |
Rotational speed of the unbraked wheels of the axle |
Pd |
Maximum technically permitted mass for the brake |
p |
Pressure |
P15 |
The pressure in the brake chamber require to produce a pushrod stroke of 15 mm from the zero datum position. |
R |
Dynamic tyre rolling radius (calculated using 0,485D) |
Ra |
Nominal aspect ratio of the tyre (one hundred times the number obtained by dividing the number expressing the nominal section height of the tyre in mm by the number expressing the nominal section width in mm). |
Rl |
Ratio of sT/lT |
RR |
Radius of the rolling road |
S1 |
Section width of the tyre (linear distance between the outsides of the sidewalls of an inflated tyre, excluding elevations due to labelling (marking), decorations or protective bands or ribs). |
s |
Actuator stroke (working stroke plus free stroke) |
smax |
Total actuator stroke |
sp |
Effective stroke (the stroke at which the output thrust is 90per cent of the average thrust ThA) |
sT |
Brake chamber push rod travel of reference test trailer in mm |
ThA |
Average thrust (the average thrust is determined by integrating the values between 1/3 and 2/3 of the total stroke smax) |
THS |
Spring thrust of the spring brake |
TR |
Sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of trailer or semi-trailer |
V |
Rolling road linear speed |
v1 |
Initial speed, when braking starts |
v2 |
Speed at end of braking |
W60 |
Energy input, equivalent to the kinetic energy of the corresponding mass for the brake under test when braked from 60 km/h to standstill |
Z |
Braking rate of vehicle |
Appendix 10
Field test documentation form as prescribed in paragraph 4.4.2.9 of this annex
1. Identification
2. Test Data and results
Appendix 11
Vehicle (motor vehicle) stability function information document
1. General
2. Applications
3.1. Sensors external to the controller
3.2. Controller(s)
3.3. Modulators
3.4. Electrical Equipment
3.5. Pneumatic circuits
3.7. Electro-magnetic compatibility
Appendix 12
Vehicle (motor vehicle) stability function test report
ANNEX 20
ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE TYPE APPROVAL OF TRAILERS
1. GENERAL
2. APPLICATION FOR TYPE APPROVAL
Performance requirements |
Annex 20 paragraphs |
Cold service braking performance |
3 |
Parking brake performance |
4 |
Automatic (emergency) brake performance |
5 |
Failure of braking distribution system |
6 |
Anti-lock braking |
7 |
Vehicle stability function |
8 |
Functional checks |
9 |
3. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE TYPE-0 SERVICE BRAKING COLD PERFORMANCE
3.2. Verification
4. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE PARKING BRAKE PERFORMANCE
4.1. General
4.2. Parking performance
4.3. Verification
5. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE EMERGENCY/AUTOMATIC BRAKING PERFORMANCE
5.1. General
5.2. Verification
6. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING BRAKING PERFORMANCE IN THE CASE OF FAILURE OF THE BRAKING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
6.1. General
6.2. Verification
7. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE ANTI-LOCK BRAKING PERFORMANCE
7.1. General
7.2. Verification
7.2.1. Verification of components and installation
Paragraph |
Criteria |
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7.2.1.1. |
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No change allowed |
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No change allowed |
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No change allowed |
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7.2.1.2. |
Tube size(s) and lengths |
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Minimum inside diameter |
May be increased |
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Maximum overall length |
May be reduced |
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Inside diameter |
No change allowed |
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Maximum overall length |
May be reduced |
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7.2.1.3. |
Warning signal sequence |
No change allowed |
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7.2.1.4. |
Differentials in brake input torque within an axle group |
Only approved differentials (if any) permitted |
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7.2.1.5. |
For other limitations refer to paragraph 4 of the test report as described in Appendix 6 of Annex 19 to this Regulation. |
Installation to be within the scope of the limitations defined — No deviations allowed |
7.3. Verification of reservoir capacity
8. ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A TRAILER EQUIPPED WITH A VEHICLE STABILITY FUNCTION
8.2. Verification
8.2.1. Verification of components and installation
Condition |
Criteria |
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8.2.1.1. |
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No change allowed |
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No change allowed |
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No change allowed |
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8.2.1.2. |
Trailer types as defined in the test report |
No change allowed |
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8.2.1.3. |
Installation configurations as defined in the test report |
No change allowed |
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8.2.1.4. |
For other limitations refer to paragraph 4 of the test report as described in Appendix 8 to Annex 19 to this Regulation. |
No change allowed |
9. FUNCTIONAL AND INSTALLATION CHECKS
9.1.1. Anti-lock function
9.1.2. Response time measurement
9.1.3. Static energy consumption
9.1.4. Service brake function
9.1.5. Parking brake function
9.1.6. Emergency/automatic braking function
9.1.7. Vehicle and component identification verification
9.1.8. Vehicle stability function
9.1.9. Additional checks
Appendix 1
Method of calculating the centre of gravity height
Laden: |
Unladen: |
[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] |
[Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] |
Appendix 2
Verification graph for paragraph 3.2.1.5 — Semi-trailers
Appendix 3
Verification graph for paragraph 3.2.1.6 — Centre axle trailers
Appendix 4
Verification graph for paragraph 3.2.1.7 — Full trailers
Appendix 5
Symbols and definitions
Symbols |
Definitions |
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ADi |
Tpi when Tpi ≤ 0,8 NFDi for front axles, or 0,8 NFDi when Tpi > 0,8 NFDi for front axles |
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BDi |
Tpi when Tpi < 0,8 NRDi for rear axles, or 0,8 NRDi when Tpi > 0,8 NRDi for rear axles |
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AUi |
Tpi when Tpi < 0,8 NFUi for front axles, or 0,8 NFUi when Tpi > 0,8 NFUi for front axles |
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BUi |
Tpi when Tpi < 0,8 NRUi for rear axles, or 0,8 NRUi when Tpi > 0,8 NRUi for rear axles |
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BF |
brake factor |
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Co |
threshold camshaft input torque (minimum camshaft torque necessary to produce a measurable brake torque) |
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E |
wheelbase |
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EL |
distance between the coupling support leg or landing legs to the centre of the axle(s) of a centre axle trailer or semi-trailer |
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ER |
distance between king-pin and centre of axle or axles of semi-trailer |
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F |
force (N) |
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Ff |
total normal static reaction of road surface on front axle(s) |
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Ffdyn |
total normal dynamic reaction of road surface on front axles(s) |
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Fr |
total normal static reaction of road surface on rear axle(s) |
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Frdyn |
total normal dynamic reaction of road surface on rear axle(s) |
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FR |
total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer |
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FRdyn |
total normal dynamic reaction of road surface on all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer |
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g |
acceleration due to gravity (9,81 m/s2) |
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h |
height above ground of centre of gravity |
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hK |
height of fifth wheel coupling (king pin) |
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hr |
height of centre of gravity of trailer |
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i |
axle index |
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iF |
number of front axles |
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iR |
number of rear axles |
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l |
lever length |
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n |
number of spring brake actuators per axle |
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NFD |
total normal reaction of road surface on front axle(s) when facing downhill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NFDi |
normal reaction of road surface on front axle i when facing downhill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NFU |
total normal reaction of road surface on front axle(s) when facing uphill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NFUi |
normal reaction of road surface on front axle i when facing uphill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NRD |
total normal reaction of road surface on rear axle(s) when facing downhill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NRDi |
normal reaction of road surface on rear axle i when facing downhill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NRU |
total normal reaction of road surface on rear axle(s) when facing uphill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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NRUi |
normal reaction of road surface on rear axle i when facing uphill on an 18 per cent gradient |
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pm |
pressure at coupling head of control line |
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pc |
pressure in the brake chamber |
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P |
mass of individual vehicle |
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Ps |
static mass at fifth wheel coupling at trailer mass P |
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PR |
total normal static reaction of road surface on wheels of trailer or semi-trailer |
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PRF |
total normal static reaction of road surface on the front axles on level ground |
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PRR |
total normal static reaction of road surface on the rear axles on level ground |
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Rs |
static laden radius of the tyre, calculated using the following formula: Rs = [Bild bitte in Originalquelle ansehen] dr + FR · H Where:
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Tpi |
brake force at periphery of all wheels of axle i provided by the spring brake(s) |
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Ths |
spring thrust of the spring brake |
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TR |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer |
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TRf |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the front axle(s) |
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TRr |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the rear axle(s) |
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TRmax |
sum of maximum available braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer |
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TRL |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer at which the limit of adhesion is reached |
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TRLf |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the front axle(s) at which the limit of adhesion is reached |
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TRLr |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the rear axle(s) at which the limit of adhesion is reached. |
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TRpr |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the trailer or semi-trailer required to achieve the prescribed performance |
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TRprf |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the front axle(s) required to achieve the prescribed performance |
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TRprr |
sum of braking forces at periphery of all wheels of the rear axle(s) required to achieve the prescribed performance |
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zc |
braking rate of the vehicle combination, with the trailer only braked |
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cos P |
cosine of angle subtended by slope of 18 per cent and horizontal plane = 0,98418 |
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tan P |
tangent of angle subtended by slope of 18 per cent and horizontal plane = 0,18 |
ANNEX 21
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH A VEHICLE STABILITY FUNCTION
1. GENERAL
2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Power-driven vehicles
Directional control |
Roll-over control |
Reducing radius test |
Steady state circular test |
Step steer input test |
J-turn |
Sine with dwell |
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J-turn |
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μ-split single lane change |
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Double lane change |
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Reversed steering test or ‘fish hook’ test |
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Asymmetrical one period sine steer or pulse steer input test |
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2.2. Trailers
Directional control |
Roll-over control |
Reducing radius test |
Steady state circular test |
Step steer input test |
J-turn |
Sine with dwell |
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J-turn |
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μ-split single lane change |
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Double lane change |
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Reversed steering test or ‘fish hook’ test |
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Asymmetrical one period sine steer or pulse steer input test |
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Appendix 1
Use of the dynamic stability simulation
1. USE OF THE SIMULATION
Appendix 2
Dynamic stability simulation tool and its validation
1. SPECIFICATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
1.4. Vehicle loading condition
2. VALIDATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
Appendix 3
Vehicle stability function simulation tool test report
1. Identification
2. Simulation tool
3. Scope of application:
4. Verifying vehicle test(s)
5. Simulation results
6. Concluding statement
ANNEX 22
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BRAKE ELECTRIC/ELECTRONIC INTERFACE OF AN AUTOMATED CONNECTOR
1. GENERAL
2. CATEGORIES OF AUTOMATED CONNECTORS
3. REQUIREMENTS
Appendix 1
Examples of the layout of an automated connection between vehicles
LEGEND
E1 |
ISO 11992-2 node in tractor, e.g. ECU ABS/EBS |
E2 |
Tractor ISO 7638 socket |
E3 |
Tractor ISO 7638 plug for automated connector |
E4 |
Tractor part of automated connector |
E5 |
Trailer ISO 7638 plug for automated connector |
E6 |
Trailer ISO 7638 socket |
E7 |
Trailer part of automated connector |
E8 |
ISO 7638 coiled cable |
E9 |
ISO 7638 park socket |
E10 |
ISO 11992-2 node in trailer, e.g. ECU ABS/EBS |
I |
Cable from E1 to E2 |
II |
Cable from E10 to E6 |
III |
Cable from E5 to E7 |
IV |
Cable from E3 to E4 |
P1 |
Trailer control valve mounted on tractor |
P2 |
T-piece |
P3 |
Pneumatic coupling head on tractor (control and supply) |
P4 |
Tractor part of automated connector |
P5 |
Pneumatic coupling head on trailer (control and supply) |
P6 |
Pneumatic valve to seal the unused terminal (double check valve) (control and supply) |
P7 |
Trailer part of automated connector |
P8 |
Pneumatic coiled tube (control and supply) |
P9 |
Pneumatic park socket (control and supply) |