Year

Preferential customs duty

Trigger import volume, in tonnes

(EUR/t)

Costa Rica

Panama

Honduras

Guatemala

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Until 31 December 2010

145

1 025 000

375 000

50 000

50 000

10 000

2 000

1.1-31.12.2011

138

1 076 250

393 750

52 500

52 500

10 500

2 100

1.1-31.12.2012

131

1 127 500

412 500

55 000

55 000

11 000

2 200

1.1-31.12.2013

124

1 178 750

431 250

57 500

57 500

11 500

2 300

1.1-31.12.2014

117

1 254 419

458 934

61 191

61 191

12 238

2 448

1.1-31.12.2015

110

1 301 599

476 195

63 493

63 493

12 699

2 540

1.1-31.12.2016

103

1 349 942

493 881

65 851

65 851

13 170

2 634

1.1-31.12.2017

96

1 397 316

511 213

68 162

68 162

13 632

2 726

1.1-31.12.2018

89

1 444 767

528 573

70 476

70 476

14 095

2 819

1.1-31.12.2019

82

1 493 881

546 542

72 872

72 872

14 574

2 915

1.1.2020 and after

75

not applicable

not applicable

not applicable

not applicable

not applicable

not applicable

… (3)

(Place and date)

… (4)

(Signature of the exporter; in addition, the name of the person signing the declaration shall to be indicated in clear script)

Sector or subsector

Description of reservations

ALL SECTORS

Real estate

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Limitations on acquisition of land and real estate by foreign investors. (168)

ALL SECTORS

Public utilities

EU: Economic activities considered as public utilities at a national or local level may be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to private operators. (169)

ALL SECTORS

Types of establishment

EU: Treatment accorded to subsidiaries (of third-country companies) formed in accordance with the law of a Member State and having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the EU is not extended to branches or agencies established in a Member State by a third-country company.

BG: Establishment of branches is subject to authorisation.

EE: At least one half of the members of the management board shall have their residence in the EU.

FI: A foreigner carrying on trade as a partner in a Finnish limited or general partnership needs a trade permit and has to be permanently resident in the EU. For all sectors except telecommunications services, nationality condition and residency requirement for at least half of the ordinary and deputy members of the Board of Directors. Company exemptions may, however, be granted. If a foreign organisation intends to carry on a business or trade by establishing a branch in Finland, a trade permit is required. A permission to act as a founder of a limited company is required of a foreign organisation or a private person, who is not an EU citizen. For telecommunications services, permanent residency for half of the founders and half of the members of the board of directors. If the founder is a juridical person, residence requirement for that juridical person.

IT: Access to industrial, commercial and artisanal activities is subject to a residence permit and specific authorisation to pursue the activity.

BG, PL: The scope of operations of a representative office may only encompass advertising and promotion of the foreign mother company represented by the office.

PL: With the exception of financial services, unbound for branches. Non-EU investors can undertake and conduct economic activity only in the form of a limited partnership, limited joint-stock partnership, limited liability company, and joint-stock company (in the case of legal services only in the form of registered partnership and limited partnership).

RO: The sole administrator or the chairman of the Board of Administration as well as half of the total number of administrators of the commercial companies shall be Romanian citizens unless otherwise stipulated in the company contract or its statutes. The majority of the commercial companies’ auditors and their deputies shall be Romanian citizens.

SE: A foreign company (which has not established a legal entity in Sweden) shall conduct its commercial operations through a branch, established in Sweden with independent management and separate accounts. Building projects with duration of less than a year are exempted from the requirements of establishing a branch or appointing a resident representative. A limited liability company (joint stock company) may be established by one or several founders. A founding party shall either reside in Sweden or be a Swedish legal entity. A partnership can only be a founding party if each partner resides in Sweden. Corresponding conditions prevail for establishment of all other types of legal entities. At least fifty percent of the members of the board shall reside in Sweden. Foreign or Swedish citizens not residing in Sweden who wish to conduct commercial operations in Sweden, shall appoint and register with the local authority a resident representative responsible for such activities. Residency conditions might be waived if it can be proved that they are not necessary in a given case.

SI: The establishment of branches by foreign companies is conditioned with the registration of the parent company in a court register in the country of origin for at least one year.

SK: A foreign natural person whose name is to be registered in the Commercial Register as a person authorised to act on behalf of the entrepreneur is required to submit residence permit for the Slovak Republic.

ALL SECTORS

Investment

ES: Investment in Spain by foreign government and foreign public entities (which tends to imply, besides economic, also non-economic interests to entity’s part), directly or through companies or other entities controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments, need prior authorisation by the government.

BG: In enterprises where the public (State or municipal) share in the equity capital exceeds thirty percent, the transfer of these shares to third parties needs authorisation. Certain economic activities related to the exploitation or use of State or public property are subject to concessions granted under the provisions of the Concessions Act. Foreign investors cannot participate in privatisation. Foreign investors and Bulgarian juridical persons with controlling foreign participation require permission for: (a) prospecting, development or extraction of natural resources from the territorial seam continental shelf or the exclusive economic zone; and (b) acquisition of a controlling participation in companies engaged in any of the activities specified under point (a).

FR: Foreign purchases exceeding 33,33 percent of the shares of capital or voting rights in existing French enterprise, or twenty percent in publicly quoted French companies, are subject to the following regulations:

Foreign participation in newly privatised companies may be limited to a variable amount, determined by the government of France on a case by case basis, of the equity offered to the public. For establishing in certain commercial, industrial or artisanal activities, a specific authorisation is needed if the managing director is not holder of a permanent residence permit.

FI: Acquisition of shares by foreign owners giving more than one third of the voting rights of a major Finnish company or a major business undertaking (with more than 1 000 employees or with a turnover exceeding EUR 168 million or with a balance sheet total exceeding EUR 168 million) is subject to confirmation by the Finnish authorities; the confirmation may be denied only if an important national interest would be jeopardised. These limitations do not apply to telecommunications services.

HU: Unbound for foreign participation in newly privatised companies.

IT: Exclusive rights may be granted or maintained to newly-privatised companies. Voting rights in newly privatised companies may be restricted in some cases. For a period of five years, the acquisition of large equity stakes of companies operating in the fields of defence, transport services, telecommunications and energy may be subject to the approval of the competent authorities.

ALL SECTORS

Geographical zones

FI: In the Åland Islands, limitations on the right of establishment by natural persons who do not enjoy regional citizenship in Åland or by any juridical person without permission by the competent authorities of the Åland Islands.

AT, HR, HU, MT, RO: Unbound for agricultural activities.

CY: Non-EU participation is allowed only up to 49 percent.

FR: The establishment of agricultural enterprises by non-EU nationals and the acquisition of vineyards by non-EU investors are subject to authorisation.

IE: Establishment by non-EU residents in flour milling activities is subject to authorisation.

BG: Unbound for logging activities.

AT: At least 25 percent of vessels have to be registered in Austria.

BE, FI, IE, LV, NL, PT, SK: Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Portugal and the Slovak Republicrespectively cannot own Belgian, Finnish, Irish, Latvian, Dutch, Portuguese and Slovak flag vessels respectively.

CY, EL: Non-EU participation is allowed only up to forty nine percent.

DK: Non-EU residents cannot own one-third or more of a business engaged in commercial fishing. Non-EU residents cannot own Denmark flag vessels except through an enterprise incorporated in Denmark.

FR: Non-EU nationals cannot participate in the maritime State property for fish/shellfish/algae farming. Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in France cannot own more than fifty percent of a French flag vessel.

DE: Sea fishing licence granted only to vessels entitled to fly the flag of Germany. These are fishing vessels of which the majority of shares is owned by EU citizens or companies established in accordance with the EU rules and that have their principal place of business in a Member State. The use of the vessels must be headed and supervised by persons residing in Germany. In order to obtain a fishing licence, all fishing vessels must register with the relevant coastal states in which the ships have their homeports.

EE: Ships are entitled to fly Estonian flag if located in Estonia and majority ownership is held by Estonian nationals in general partnership and in limited partnership companies or other legal entities that are located in Estonia with voting majority held by Estonian nationals in the Board of Management.

BG, HR, HU, LT, MT, RO: Unbound.

IT: Foreigners other than EU residents cannot own a majority interest in Italian flag vessels or a controlling interest in ship owning companies having their headquarters in Italy. Fishing in Italian territorial waters is reserved to Italian flag vessels.

SE: Foreign investors not incorporated and not having their principal office in Sweden cannot own more than fifty percent of a Swedish flag vessel. Acquisition by foreign investors of fifty percent or more of shares in firms engaged in commercial fishing activities in Swedish waters requires authorisation.

SI: Ships are entitled to fly the Slovenian flag if more than half of the ship is owned by EU citizens or by juridical persons having their headquarters in an EU Member State.

UK: Reservation on the acquisition of UK flagged vessels, unless the investment is at least seventy five percent owned by British citizens and/or by companies which are at least seventy five percent owned by British citizens, in all cases resident and domiciled in the UK. Vessels must be managed, directed and controlled from within the UK.

EU: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Unbound for extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas.

ES: Unbound for foreign investment in strategic minerals.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

HR: Residence requirement.

IT: Nationality condition for owner of publishing and printing company.

None.

EU: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining the control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

EU: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

AT: Foreign lawyers’ (who must be fully qualified in their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating result of any law firm may not exceed twenty five percent. They may not have decisive influence in decision making.

excluding legal advisory and legal documentations and certification services provided by legal professionals entrusted with public functions, such as notaries, huissiers de justice or other officiers publics et ministériels

BE: Quotas apply for appearing before the ‘Cour de cassation’ in non-criminal cases.

FR: Lawyers’ access to the profession of ‘avocat auprès de la Cour de Cassation’ et ‘avocat auprès du Conseil d’Etat’ is subject to quotas.

DK: Only lawyers with a Danish license to practise and law firms registered in Denmark may own shares in a Danish law firm. Only lawyers with a Danish license to practise may sit on the board or be part of the management of a Danish law firm. Requirement of a Danish legal examination in order to obtain a Danish licence.

FR: Some types of legal form (‘association d’avocats’ and ‘société en participation d’avocat’) are reserved to lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in France. In a law firm providing services in respect of French or EU law, at least seventy five percent of the partners holding seventy five percent of the shares shall be lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in France.

HR: Representation of parties before courts can be practised only by the members of the Bar Council of Croatia (Croatian title ‘odvjetnici’) . Citizenship requirement for membership in the Bar Council.

HU: Commercial presence should take the form of partnership with a Hungarian barrister (ügyvéd) or a barrister’s office (ügyvédi iroda), or representative office.

PL: While other types of legal form are available for EU lawyers, foreign lawyers only have access to the legal forms of registered partnership and limited partnership.

AT: Foreign accountants’ (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed twenty five percent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body.

CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: employment situation in the subsector.

DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign auditor has to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.

AT: Foreign auditors’ (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed twenty five percent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body.

CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: employment situation in the subsector.

CZ and SK: At least sixty percent of capital share or voting rights are reserved to nationals.

DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign auditor has to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.

FI: Residency requirement for at least one of the auditors of a Finnish liability company.

HR: None, except that auditing can be performed only by legal persons.

LV: In a commercial company of sworn auditors more than fifty percent of the voting capital shares shall be owned by sworn auditors or commercial companies of sworn auditors of the EU.

LT: Non less that seventy five percent of shares should belong to EU auditors or auditing companies.

SE: Only auditors approved in Sweden may perform legal auditing services in certain legal entities, a.o. in all limited companies. Only such persons may be shareowners or form partnerships in companies which practise qualified auditing (for official purposes). Residency required for approval.

SI: The share of foreign persons in auditing companies may not exceed forty nine percent of the equity.

AT: Foreign tax advisors’ (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed twenty five percent; this applies only to non-members of the Austrian Professional Body.

CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: employment situation in the subsector.

BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership of as subcontractors of local investors.

LV: For architectural services, in order to receive a licence enabling to engage in business activity with full range of legal responsibility and rights to sign a project, practice of three years in Latvia in the field of projecting and university degree is required.

BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership of as subcontractors of local investors.

AT: Unbound except for dental services and for psychologists and psychotherapists, where: none.

DE: Economic needs test when medical doctors and dentists are authorised to treat members of public insurance schemes. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region.

FI: Unbound.

FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of ‘société d’exercice liberal’ and ‘société civile professionnelle’.

LV: Economic needs test. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region.

BG, LT: The supply of service is subject to authorisation which is based on a health services plan established in function of needs, taking into account the population and already existing medical and dental services.

SI: Unbound for social medicine, sanitary, epidemiological, medical/ecological services; the supply of blood, blood preparations and transplants; autopsy.

UK: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning.

AT: Unbound.

BG: Economic needs test. Main criteria: population and density of existing business.

FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of ‘société d’exercice liberal’ and ‘société civile professionnelle’.

HU: Economic needs test. Main criteria: labour market conditions in the sector.

BG, FI, HU, MT, SI: Unbound.

FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of ‘société d’exercice liberal’ and ‘société civile professionnelle’.

LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the subsector.

AT: Foreign investors are only allowed in the following activities: nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, logotherapists, dieticians and nutricians.

BG, MT, SI: Unbound.

FI: Unbound for physiotherapists and paramedical personnel.

FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of ‘société d’exercice liberal’ and ‘société civile professionnelle’.

LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the subsector.

LV: Economic needs test for foreign physiotherapists and paramedical personnel. Main criteria: employment situation in the given region.

AT, BG, CY, FI, MT, PL, RO, SE, SI: Unbound.

BE, DE, DK, EE, ES, FR, IT, HR, HU, IE, LV, PT, SK: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies.

None.

EU: For publicly funded R & D services, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

None.

None.

LT: Ships must be owned by Lithuanian natural persons or companies established in Lithuania.

SE: To fly the Swedish flag proof of dominating Swedish operating influence must be shown in case of foreign ownership interests in ships.

EU: Aircraft used by EU carriers have to be registered in the EU Member State licensing the carrier or elsewhere in the EU. The aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific criteria regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors). Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances.

None.

None.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound for CPC 83202.

None.

None.

None.

None.

HU: Unbound for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602).

None.

None.

None.

None.

BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

AT, BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK: Unbound.

BE, FR, IT: State monopoly.

DE: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: situation and development of the labour market.

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

IT: State monopoly.

None.

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, ES, EE, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

DK: Requirement of nationality and residence for members of the board. Unbound for the supply of airport guard services.

BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Licence may be granted only to nationals and to national registered organisations.

ES: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Access is subject to prior authorisation.

HR: Unbound.

FR: Foreign investors require a specific authorisation for exploration and prospecting services.

None.

LV: State monopoly.

SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investors intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints.

SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investors intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

HR: Residency requirements for publisher and editorial board.

LT, LV: Establishment rights in publishing sector granted only to nationally incorporated juridical persons (no branches).

PL: Nationality requirement for the editor-in-chief of newspapers and journals.

SE: Residency requirements for publisher and owner of publishing and printing company.

None.

DK: Authorisation for authorised public translators and interpreters may limit the scope of activity.

HR: Unbound for translation and interpretation services for/before Croatian courts.

PL: Unbound for the supply of sworn interpretation services.

BG, HU, SK: Unbound for official translation and interpretation.

None.

IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors.

BE: For consumer credit databanks, nationality condition for investors.

IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors.

None.

None.

None.

None (193).

(Services relating to the handling (194) of postal items (195) according to the following list of subsectors, whether for domestic or foreign destinations: (i) Handling of addressed written communications on any kind of physical medium (196), including Hybrid mail service and Direct mail; (ii) Handling of addressed parcels and packages (197); (iii) Handling of addressed press products (198); (iv) Handling of items referred to in subsectors (i) to (iii) above as registered or insured mail; (v) Express delivery services (199) for items referred to in subsectors (i) to (iii) above; (vi) Handling of non-addressed items; (vii) Document exchange (200).

Subsectors (i), (iv) and (v) are however excluded when they fall into the scope of the services which may be reserved, which is: for items of correspondence the price of which is less than 2,5 times the public basic tariff, provided that they weigh less than 50 grammes (201), plus the registered mail service used in the course of judicial or administrative procedures.)

(part of CPC 751, part of CPC 71235 (202) and part of CPC 73210 (203))

None (206).

EU: None except that:

BE: Unbound.

None.

AT: Unbound for distribution of pyrotechnical goods, of ignitable articles and blasting devices and of toxic substances. For the distribution of pharmaceutical products and of tobacco products, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

FI: Unbound for distribution of alcoholic beverages and pharmaceutical products.

HR: Unbound for distribution of tobacco products.

None.

None.

None.

None.

FR, IT: State monopoly on tobacco.

FR: Authorisation of wholesale pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies.

ES, IT: State monopoly on tobacco.

BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, MT, PT: Authorisation for department stores (in the case of FR only for large stores) is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.

IE, SE: Unbound for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages.

SE: Authorisation for temporary trade in clothing, shoes and foodstuffs that are not consumed at the point of sale may be subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: impact on existing stores in the geographic area in question.

Food retailing services

(CPC 631)

Retailing services of other (non-energy) goods, except retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods (211)

(CPC 632 excluding CPC 63211 and 63297)

None.

EU: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession.

AT: Unbound for higher education services. Unbound for education services for adults by means of radio or television broadcasting.

BG: Unbound for the supply of primary and/or secondary education services by foreign natural persons and associations and for the supply of higher education services.

CZ, SK: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board. Unbound for the supply of higher education services except for post-secondary technical and vocational education services (CPC 92310).

CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

EL: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in primary and secondary schools. Unbound for higher education institutions granting recognised States diplomas.

ES, IT: Needs test for opening private universities authorised to issue recognised diplomas or degrees; procedure involves an advice of the Parliament. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments.

HR: Unbound for primary education services (CPC 921). For secondary education services: None for juridical persons.

HU, SK: The number of schools being established may be limited by local authorities (or in the case of high schools and other higher education institutions by central authorities) in charge of granting licences.

LV: Unbound for the supply of education services relating to technical and vocational secondary school-type education services for handicapped students (CPC 9224).

SI: Unbound for primary schools. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in secondary and high schools.

AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

CZ, SK: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board.

None.

AT: The licence for branch offices of foreign insurers has to be denied if the insurer, in the home country, does not have a legal form corresponding or comparable to a joint stock company or a mutual insurance association.

BG, ES: Before establishing a branch or agency in Bulgaria or Spain to provide certain classes of insurance, a foreign insurer must have been authorised to operate in the same classes of insurance in its country of origin for at least five years.

EL: The right of establishment does not cover the creation of representative offices or other permanent presence of insurance companies, except where such offices are established as agencies, branches or head offices.

FI: At least one half of the promoters and members of the board of directors and the supervisory board of an insurance company shall have their place of residence in the EU, unless the competent authorities have granted an exemption. Foreign insurers cannot get a licence in Finland as a branch to carry on statutory pension insurance.

IT: The authorisation of the establishment of branches is ultimately subject to the evaluation of supervisory authorities.

BG, PL: Local incorporation (no branches) required for insurance intermediaries.

PT: In order to establish a branch in Portugal, foreign insurance companies need to demonstrate prior operational experience of at least five years. Direct branching is not permitted for insurance intermediation, which is reserved to companies formed in accordance with the law of an EU Member State.

SK: Foreign national may establish an insurance company in the form of a joint stock company or may conduct insurance business through their subsidiaries with registered office in the Slovak Republic (no branches).

SI: Foreign investors cannot participate in insurance companies under privatisation. Membership of the mutual insurance institution is limited to companies established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) and domestic natural persons. For providing consultancy and claim settlement services, incorporation is required as a legal entity (no branches). For sole proprietors, a residence in the Republic of Slovenia is required.

SE: Insurance broking undertakings not incorporated in Sweden may establish only through a branch.

EU: Only firms having their registered office in the EU can act as depositories of the assets of investment funds. The establishment of a specialised management company, having its head office and registered office in the same Member State, is required to perform the activities of management of unit trusts and investment companies.

BG: Pension insurance shall be implemented through participation in incorporated pension insurance companies (no branches). Permanent residence in Bulgaria is required for the chairperson of the management board and the chairperson of the board of directors.

CY: Only members (brokers) of the Cyprus Stock Exchange can undertake business pertaining to securities brokerage in Cyprus. A brokerage firm may only be registered as a member of the Cyprus Stock Exchange if it has been established and registered in accordance with the Companies Law of Cyprus (no branches).

FI: At least one half of the founders, the members of the board of directors, at least one ordinary and one deputy member of the supervisory board and the person entitled to sign in the name of the credit institution shall have their permanent residence in the EU. Exemption from these requirements may be granted by the competent authorities.

HR: None, except for settlement and clearing services where the Central Depositary Agency (CDA) is the sole supplier in Croatia. Access to the services of the CDA will be granted to non-residents on a non-discriminatory basis.

HU: Branches of foreign institutions are not allowed to provide asset management services for private pension funds or management of venture capital. The board of a financial institution should include at least two members, who are Hungarian citizens, residents in the meaning of the relevant foreign exchange regulations and have permanent residency in Hungary for at least one year.

IE: In the case of collective investment schemes constituted as unit trusts and variable capital companies (other than undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities, UCITS), the trustee/depository and management company is required to be incorporated in Ireland or in another Member State of the EU (no branches). In the case of an investment limited partnership, at least one general partner must be incorporated in Ireland. To become a member of a stock exchange in Ireland, an entity must either (i) be authorised in Ireland, which requires that it be incorporated or be a partnership, with a head/registered office in Ireland, or (ii) be authorised in another Member State in accordance with the EU Investment Services Directive.

IT: In order to be authorised to manage the securities settlement system with an establishment in Italy, a company is required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). In order to be authorised to manage central securities depository services with an establishment in Italy, companies are required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). In the case of collective investment schemes other than UCITS harmonised under EU legislation, the trustee/ depository is required to be incorporated in Italy or in another Member State of the EU and established through a branch in Italy. Management companies of UCITS not harmonised under EU legislation are also required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). Only banks, insurance companies, investment firms and companies managing UCITS harmonised under EU legislation having their legal head office in the EU, as well as UCITS incorporated in Italy may carry out activity of pension fund resources management. In providing the activity of door-to-door selling, intermediaries must utilise authorised financial salesmen resident within the territory of a Member State of the EU. Representative offices of foreign intermediaries cannot carry out activities aimed at providing investment services.

LT: For the purpose of asset management, incorporation as a specialised management company (no branches) is required. Only firms having their registered office in Lithuania can act as the depositories of the assets.

PT: Pension fund management may be provided only by specialised companies incorporated in Portugal for that purpose and by insurance companies established in Portugal and authorised to take up the life insurance business or by entities authorised to pension fund management in other EU Member States (unbound for direct branching from non-EU countries).

RO: Branches of foreign institutions are not allowed to provide asset management services.

SK: Investment services in the Slovak Republic can be provided by banks, investment companies, investment funds and security dealers which have legal form of joint-stock company with equity capital according to the law (no branches).

SI: Unbound for participation in banks under privatisation and for private pension funds (non-compulsory pension funds).

SE: A founder of a savings bank shall be a natural person resident in the EU.

EU: Participation of private operators in the health and social network is subject to concession. Economic needs tests may apply. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, transport infrastructure, population density, geographic spread, and creation of new employment.

AT, SI: Unbound for ambulance services.

BG: Unbound for hospital services, for ambulance services and for residential health facilities other than hospital services.

CZ, FI, MT, SE, SK: Unbound.

HU, SI: Unbound for social services.

PL: Unbound for ambulance services, for residential health facilities other than hospital services and for social services.

BE, UK: Unbound for ambulance services, for residential health facilities other than hospital services and for social services other than convalescent and rest houses and old people’s homes.

CY: Unbound for hospital services, ambulance services, for residential health facilities other than hospital services and for social services other than convalescent and rest houses and old people’s homes.

BG: Incorporation is required (no branches).

IT: Economic needs tests applied on bars, cafes and restaurants. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

PT: Requirement of constitution of a commercial company having its corporate base in Portugal (unbound for branches).

None.

CY, CZ, FI, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Unbound.

BG: Unbound except for theatrical producer, singer group, band and orchestra entertainment services (CPC 96191), services provided by authors, composers, sculptors, entertainers and other individual artists (CPC 96192) and ancillary theatrical services (CPC 96193).

EE: Unbound for other entertainment services (CPC 96199) except for cinema theatre services.

LV: Unbound except for cinema theatre operation services (part of CPC 96199).

FR: Foreign participation in companies publishing publications in the French language may not exceed twenty percent of the capital or of voting rights in the company. Establishment of press agencies by foreign investors is subject to reciprocity.

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

AT, LT: Participation of private operators in the libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services’ network is subject to concession or licence.

AT, SI: Unbound for ski school services and mountain guide services.

BG, CY, CZ, EE, LV, MT, PL, RO, SK: Unbound.

None.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment.

BG, CY, EE, HU, LV, LT, MT, RO: Unbound for establishment of other forms of commercial presence for the supply of international maritime transport services.

DE, ES, FR, FI, EL, IT, LV, MT, PL, PT, SI and SE: Feedering services by authorisation.

EU: Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland waterways (incl. agreements following the Rhine-Main-Danube link) reserve some traffic rights for operators based in the countries concerned and meeting nationality criteria regarding ownership. Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment.

AT: Nationality condition in order to set up a shipping company by natural persons. In the case of establishment as legal person, nationality condition for the managing board and the supervisory board. Registered company or permanent establishment in Austria is required. In addition the majority of the business shares must be held by EU citizens.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

FI: Services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag.

HR: Unbound.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

HR: Unbound.

EU: Foreign investors cannot provide transport services within a Member State (cabotage), except for rental of non-scheduled services of buses with operator.

EU: Economic needs test for taxi services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.

AT, BG: Exclusive rights and/or authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

FI, LV: Authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles.

LV and SE: Requirement on established entities to use vehicles with national registration.

ES: Economic needs test for CPC 7122. Main criteria: local demand.

IT, PT: Economic needs test for limousine services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.

ES, IE, IT: Economic needs test for intercity bussing services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.

FR : Unbound for intercity bussing services.

AT, BG: Exclusive rights and/or authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

FI, LV: Authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles.

LV and SE: Requirement on established entities to use vehicles with national registration.

IT, SK: Economic needs test. Main criteria: local demand.

AT: Exclusive rights can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: For pushing and towing services and for supporting services for maritime transport unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment.

IT: Economic needs test for maritime cargo-handling services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread and creation of new employment.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to forty nine percent.

HR: Unbound for (c) Customs clearance services, (d) Container station and depot services, (e) Maritime agency services and (f) Maritime freight forwarding services. For (a) Maritime cargo handling services, (b) Storage and warehousing services, (j) Other supporting and auxiliary services (including catering), (h) Pushing and towing services and (i) Supporting services for maritime transport: None, except that foreign legal person is required to establish a company in Croatia which should be granted a concession by the port authority, following a public tendering procedure. The number of service suppliers may be limited reflecting limitations in port capacity.

SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance.

FI: Pushing and towing services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag.

EU: Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland waterways (incl. agreements following the Rhine-Main-Danube link) reserve some traffic rights for operators based in the countries concerned and meeting nationality criteria regarding ownership. Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for pushing and towing services and supporting services for internal waterway transport.

AT: Nationality condition in order to set up a shipping company by natural persons. In the case of establishment as legal person, nationality condition for the managing board and the supervisory board. Registered company or permanent establishment in Austria is required. In addition the majority of the business shares must be held by EU citizens.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to forty nine percent.

HR: Unbound.

HU: Participation of the State may be required in an establishment.

FI: Pushing and towing services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag.

SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to forty nine percent.

HR: Unbound for (d) (Pushing and towing services).

SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance.

AT: For rental of commercial road vehicles with operators, authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to forty nine percent.

FI: For rental of commercial road vehicles with operators, authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles.

HR: Unbound for (d) (Rental of commercial road vehicles with operators).

SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance.

EU: None except that:

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

HR: Unbound.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

PL: For storage services of frozen or refrigerated goods and bulk storage services of liquids or gases, categories of activities depend of size of airport. The number of providers in each airport can be limited due to available-space constraints and to not less than two suppliers for other reasons.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

HU: Unbound.

SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance.

EU: Aircraft used by EU carriers have to be registered in the EU Member State licensing the carrier or elsewhere in the EU. The aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific criteria regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors). Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: The commitments are subject to reciprocity.

BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

PL: Foreign participation is limited to forty nine percent.

HR: Unbound.

None.

None.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

PL: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

EU: Unbound for wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water.

EU: Unbound for retailing services of motor fuel, electricity, (non bottled) gas, steam and hot water.

BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, MT, PT: For retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood, authorisation for department stores (in the case of FR only for large stores) is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment.

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, IE, HU, IT, LU, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, UK: Unbound except for consultancy services, where: none.

SI: Unbound except for services incidental the distribution of gas, where: none.

None.

IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business.

IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business.

IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business.

None.

None.

Sector or subsector

Description of reservations

ALL SECTORS

Real estate

For Modes 1 and 2

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DK, EE, EL, FI, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Limitations on acquisition of land and real estate by foreign investors. (527)

For Modes 1 and 2

AT, CY, ES, EL, LT, MT, SK: Full admission to the Bar, required for the practice of domestic (EU and Member State) law, is subject to a nationality condition.

BE, FI: Full admission to the Bar, required for legal representation services, is subject to a nationality condition, coupled with residency requirements. In BE quotas apply for appearing before the ‘Cour de cassation’ in non-criminal cases.

BG: Foreign lawyers can only provide legal representation services of a national of their home country and subject to reciprocity and cooperation with a Bulgarian lawyer. For legal mediation services permanent residence is required.

FR: Lawyers’ access to the profession of ‘avocat auprès de la Cour de Cassation’ et ‘avocat auprès du Conseil d’Etat’ is subject to quotas and to a nationality condition.

HR: Unbound for practicing of Croatian law.

HU: Full admission to the Bar is subject to a nationality condition, coupled with residency requirements. For foreign lawyers the scope of legal activities is limited to the provision of legal advice.

LV: Nationality requirement for sworn solicitors, to whom legal representation in criminal proceedings is reserved.

DK: Marketing of legal advice activities is restricted to lawyers with a Danish licence to practise and law firms registered in Denmark. Requirement of a Danish legal examination in order to obtain a Danish licence.

SE: Admission to the Bar, necessary only for the use of the Swedish title ‘advokat’, is subject to a residency requirement.

For Mode 1

FR, HU, IT, MT, RO, SI: Unbound.

AT: Nationality condition for representation before competent authorities.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BE, BG, CY, DE, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PT, RO, SI, UK: Unbound.

AT: Nationality condition for representation before competent authorities and for performing audits provided for in specific Austrian laws (for example joint stock companies law, stock exchange law, banking law, etc.).

HR: Foreign audit firms may provide audit services on the Croatian territory where they have established a branch.

SE: Only auditors approved in Sweden may perform legal auditing services in certain legal entities, a.o. in all limited companies. Only such persons may be shareowners or form partnerships in companies which practise qualified auditing (for official purposes). Residency required for approval.

LT: Auditor’s report must be prepared in conjunction with an auditor accredited to practise in Lithuania.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT: Nationality condition for representation before competent authorities.

CY: Tax agents must be duly authorised by the Minister of Finance. Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. The criteria used are analogous to those for granting permission for foreign investment (listed in horizontal section), as they apply to this subsector, always taking into consideration the employment situation in the subsector.

BG, MT, RO and SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT: Unbound except for planning services.

BE, BG, CY, EL, IT, MT, PL, PT, SI: Unbound.

DE: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.

HR: Natural and legal persons may supply architectural services upon approval of the Croatian Chamber of Architects. A design or project elaborated abroad must be recognized (validated) by an authorized natural or legal person in Croatia with regard to its compliance with Croatian law. Unbound for urban planning.

HU, RO: Unbound for landscape architectural services.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, SI: Unbound except for pure planning services.

BG, CY, EL, IT, MT, PT: Unbound.

HR: Natural and legal persons may supply engineering services upon approval of the Croatian Chamber of Engineers. A design or project elaborated abroad must be recognized (validated) by an authorized natural or legal person in Croatia with regard to its compliance with Croatian law.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PT, RO, SK, UK: Unbound.

HR: Unbound, except for telemedicine.

SI: Unbound for social medicine, sanitary, epidemiological, medical/ecological services, the supply of blood, blood preparations and transplants and autopsy.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, MT, NL, PT, RO, SI, SK: Unbound.

UK: Unbound except for veterinary laboratory and technical services supplied to veterinary surgeons, general advice, guidance and information for example nutritional, behaviour and pet care.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PT, RO, SI, SK, UK: Unbound.

FI, PL: Unbound except for nurses.

HR: Unbound, except for telemedicine.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, DE, CY, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, SI. UK: Unbound.

CZ, LV, LT: Unbound except for mail order.

HU: Unbound except for CPC 63211.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

EU: For publicly funded R & D services, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, IE, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

HR: Commercial presence required.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, IE, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

HR: Commercial presence required.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, DE, HU, MT, RO: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

BG, CY, CZ, HU, LV, MT, PL, RO, SK: Unbound.

EU: Aircraft used by EU air carriers have to be registered in the Member State licensing the air carrier or elsewhere in the EU. Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, HU, LV, MT, PL, RO, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, CZ, HU, MT, PL, RO, SK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound.

EE: Unbound except for leasing or rental services concerning pre-recorded video-cassettes for use in home entertainment equipment.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

HU: Unbound for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602).

For Mode 1

IT: Unbound for the profession of biologist and chemical analyst.

HR: Unbound for services related to issuance of mandatory certificates and similar official documents.

BG, CY, CZ, MT, PL, RO, SK, SE: Unbound.

For Mode 2

BG, CY, CZ, MT, PL, RO, SK, SE: Unbound.

HR: Unbound for services related to issuance of mandatory certificates and similar official documents.

For Mode 1

IT: Unbound for activities reserved to agronomist and ‘periti agrari’.

EE, MT, RO, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

LV, MT, RO, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FI, HR, IE, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE: Unbound.

For Mode 2

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FI, HR, IE, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LU, LV, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, FR, HR, IE, IT, LU, LV, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 1

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FI, FR, HR, IT, IE, LV, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SK, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FI, FR, HR, IT, IE, LV, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, UK: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

HU: Unbound for CPC 87304, CPC 87305.

BE, BG, CY, CZ, ES, EE, FI, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, MT, PT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Unbound.

For Mode 1

BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK: Unbound for exploration services.

HR: Services of basic geological, geodetic and mining consulting services as well as related environmental protection consulting services on the territory of Croatia can be carried out only jointly with/or through domestic legal persons.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

For maritime transport vessels: BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HR, IE, IT, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, UK: Unbound.

For internal waterways transport vessels: EU: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, DE, CY, CZ, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HR, IE, IT, LT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Mode 1

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HR, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, IE, IT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, EE, MT, PL: Unbound for the supply of aerial photographic services.

HR, LV: Unbound for specialty photographic services (CPC 87504).

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Mode 1

PL: Unbound for services of sworn interpreters.

HR: Unbound for official documents.

HU, SK: Unbound for official translation and interpretation.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

DE: Application of the national rules on fees and emoluments for all services which are performed from abroad.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

None. (535)

(Services relating to the handling (536) of postal items (537) according to the following list of subsectors, whether for domestic or foreign destinations: (i) Handling of addressed written communications on any kind of physical medium (538), including Hybrid mail service and Direct mail; (ii) Handling of addressed parcels and packages (539); (iii) Handling of addressed press products (540); (iv) Handling of items referred to in subsectors (i) to (iii) above as registered or insured mail; (v) Express delivery services (541) for items referred to in subsectors (i) to (iii) above; (vi) Handling of non-addressed items; (vii) Document exchange (542).

Subsectors (i), (iv) and (v) are however excluded when they fall into the scope of the services which may be reserved, which is: for items of correspondence the price of which is less than 2,5 times the public basic tariff, provided that they weigh less than 50 grammes (543), plus the registered mail service used in the course of judicial or administrative procedures.)

(part of CPC 751, part of CPC 71235 (544) and part of CPC 73210 (545))

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

EU: None except that service providers in this sector may be subject to obligations to safeguard general interest objectives related to the conveyance of content through their network in line with the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications.

BE: Unbound.

For Mode 1

None.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

EU: Unbound for distribution of chemical products, of precious metals (and stones).

AT: Unbound for distribution of pyrotechnical goods, of ignitable articles and blasting devices and of toxic substances.

AT, BG: Unbound for distribution of products for medical use such as medical and surgical devices, medical substances and objects for medical use.

HR: Unbound for tobacco products.

For Mode 1

AT, BG, PL, RO: Unbound for distribution of tobacco and tobacco products.

IT: For wholesale trade services, state monopoly on tobacco.

BG, FI, PL, RO: Unbound for distribution of alcoholic beverages.

SE: Unbound for retail distribution of alcoholic beverages.

AT, BG, CZ, FI, RO, SK, SI: Unbound for distribution of pharmaceuticals.

BG, HU, PL: Unbound for commodity brokers’ services.

FR: For commission agents’ services, unbound for traders and brokers working in 17 markets of national interest on fresh food products. Unbound for wholesale of pharmaceuticals.

MT: Unbound for commission agents’ services.

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, UK: For retailing services, unbound except for mail order.

Retailing services of other (non-energy) goods, except retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods (551)

(CPC 632 excluding CPC 63211 and 63297)

For Mode 1

BG, CY, FI, FR, HR, IT, MT, RO, SE, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

CY, FI, HR, MT, RO, SE, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, FI, FR,HR, IT, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

For Mode 2

CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

LV: Unbound for education services relating to technical and vocational secondary school-type education services for handicapped students (CPC 9224).

For Mode 1

AT, BG, CY, FI, FR, IT, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

For Mode 2

AT, BG, CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

CZ, SK: Unbound for higher education services, except post-secondary technical and vocational education services (CPC 92310).

For Modes 1 and 2

AT: Unbound for adult education services by means of radio or television broadcasting.

CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

HR: None for correspondence education or education via telecommunications.

For Mode 1

EU: Unbound except for consulting services.

For Mode 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, SI, UK: Unbound for direct insurance services except for insurance of risks relating to:

AT: Promotional activity and intermediation on behalf of a subsidiary not established in the EU or of a branch not established in Austria (except for reinsurance and retrocession) are prohibited. Compulsory air insurance, except for insurance of international commercial air transport, can be underwritten only by a subsidiary established in the EU or by a branch established in Austria. Higher premium tax is due for insurance contracts (except for contracts on reinsurance and retrocession) which are written by a subsidiary not established in the EU or by a branch not established in Austria. Exception from the higher tax can be granted.

DK: Compulsory air transport insurance can be underwritten only by firms established in the EU. No persons or companies (including insurance companies) may for business purposes in Denmark assist in effecting direct insurance for persons resident in Denmark, for Danish ships or for property in Denmark, other than insurance companies licensed by Danish law or by Danish competent authorities.

DE: Compulsory air insurance policies can be underwritten only by a subsidiary established in the EU or by a branch established in Germany. If a foreign insurance company has established a branch in Germany, it may conclude insurance contracts in Germany relating to international transport only through the branch established in Germany.

FR: Insurance of risks relating to ground transport may be carried out only by insurance firms established in the EU.

PL: Unbound for reinsurance and retrocession except for risks relating to goods in international trade.

PT: Air and maritime transport insurance, covering goods, aircraft, hull and liability can be underwritten only by firms established in the EU; only persons or companies established in the EU may act as intermediaries for such insurance business in Portugal.

RO: Reinsurance on international market is allowed only if the reinsured risk cannot be placed on the domestic market.

ES: For actuarial services, residence requirement and three-year relevant experience.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, RO, SK, SE, SI, UK: Unbound for direct insurance intermediation services except for insurance of risks relating to:

BG: Unbound for direct insurance, except for services supplied by foreign suppliers to foreign persons in the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. Transport insurance, covering goods, insurance of vehicles as such and liability insurance regarding risks located in the Republic of Bulgaria may not be underwritten by foreign insurance companies directly. A foreign insurance company may conclude insurance contracts only through a branch. Unbound for deposit insurance and similar compensations schemes, as well as mandatory insurance schemes.

CY, LV, MT: Unbound for direct insurance services except for insurance of risks relating to:

LT: Unbound for direct insurance services except for insurance of risks relating to:

BG, LV, LT, PL: Unbound for insurance intermediation.

FI: Only insurers having their head-office in the EU or having their branch in Finland may offer direct insurance (including co-insurance) services. The supply of insurance broker services is subject to a permanent place of business in the EU.

HR: Unbound for direct insurance and direct insurance intermediation services, except:

HU: The supply of direct insurance in the territory of Hungary by insurance companies not established in the EU is allowed only through a branch office registered in Hungary.

IT: Unbound for the actuarial profession. Transport insurance of goods, insurance of vehicles as such and liability insurance regarding risks located in Italy may be underwritten only by insurance companies established in the EU. This reservation does not apply for international transport involving imports into Italy.

SE: The supply of direct insurance is allowed only through an insurance service supplier authorised in Sweden, provided that the foreign service supplier and the Swedish insurance company belong to the same group of companies or have an agreement of cooperation between them.

For Mode 2

AT, BE, BG, CZ, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, SI, UK: Unbound for intermediation.

BG: For direct insurance, Bulgarian natural and juridical persons, as well as foreign persons who conduct business activity in the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, can conclude insurance contracts only with suppliers with respect to their activity in Bulgaria, which are licensed to conduct insurance activity in Bulgaria. Insurance compensation resulting from these contracts shall be paid in Bulgaria. Unbound for deposit insurance and similar compensations schemes, as well as mandatory insurance schemes.

HR: Unbound for direct insurance and direct insurance intermediation services, except:

IT: Transport insurance of goods, insurance of vehicles as such and liability insurance regarding risks located in Italy may be underwritten only by insurance companies established in the EU. This reservation does not apply for international transport involving imports into Italy.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, PT, SK, SE, UK: Unbound except for provision of financial information and financial data processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services excluding intermediation.

BE: Establishment in Belgium is required for the provision of investment advisory services.

BG: Limitations and conditions relating to the use of telecommunications network may apply.

CY: Unbound except for trading of transferable securities, for provision of financial information and financial data processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services excluding intermediation.

EE: For acceptance of deposits, requirement of authorisation by Estonian financial Supervision Authority and registration under Estonian law as a joint-stock company, a subsidiary or a branch.

EE: The establishment of a specialised management company is required to perform the activities of management of investment funds, and only firms having their registered office in the EU can act as depositories of the assets of investment funds.

HR: Unbound except for lending, financial leasing, payment and money transmission services, guarantees and commitments, money broking , provision and transfer of financial information and advisory and other auxiliary financial services, excluding intermediation.

LT: The establishment of a specialised management company is required to perform the activities of management of unit trusts and investment companies, and only firms having their registered office in the EU can act as depositories of the assets of investment funds.

IE: The provision of investment services or investment advice requires either (i) authorisation in Ireland, which normally requires that the entity be incorporated or be a partnership or a sole trader, in each case with a head/registered office in Ireland (authorisation may not be required in certain cases, for example where a third-country service provider has no commercial presence in Ireland and the service is not provided to private individuals), or (ii) authorisation in another Member State in accordance with the EU Investment Services Directive.

IT: Unbound for ‘promotori di servizi finanziari’ (financial salesmen).

LV: Unbound except for participation in issues of all kinds of securities, for provision of financial information and financial data processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services excluding intermediation.

LT: Commercial presence is required for pension fund management.

MT: Unbound except for acceptance of deposits, for lending of all types, for provision of financial information and financial data processing and for advisory and other auxiliary services excluding intermediation.

PL: For the provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software: Requirement to use the public telecommunication network, or the network of other authorised operator.

RO: Unbound for financial leasing, for trading of money market instruments, foreign exchange, derivative products, exchange rate and interest rate instruments, transferable securities and other negotiable instruments and financial assets, for participation in issues of all kinds of securities, for asset management and for settlement and clearing services for financial assets. Payments and money transmission services are allowed only through a resident bank.

SI:

For Mode 2

BG: Limitations and conditions relating to the use of telecommunications network may apply.

PL: For the provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software: Requirement to use the public telecommunication network, or the network of another authorised operator.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, DE, CY, CZ, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, IE, IT, LV, LT, MT, LU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

BE: Unbound for social services other than convalescent and rest houses and old people’s homes.

For Mode 1

AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, EL, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound except for catering.

HR: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, HU: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BG, CY, CZ, HU, IT, LT, MT, PL, SK, SI: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.

For Mode 1

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

CY, CZ, FI, HR, MT, PL, RO, SK, SI: Unbound.

BG: Unbound, except for theatrical producer, singer group, band and orchestra entertainment services (CPC 96191); services provided by authors, composers, sculptors, entertainers and other individual artists (CPC 96192); ancillary theatrical services (CPC 96193).

EE: Unbound for other entertainment services (CPC 96199), except for cinema theatre services.

LT, LV: Unbound, except for cinema theatre operation services (part of CPC 96199).

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Mode 1

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

For Mode 2

BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

AT: Unbound for ski school services and mountain guide services.

BG, CZ, HR, LV, MT, PL, RO, SK: Unbound.

For Mode 1

CY, EE: Unbound.

For Modes 1 and 2

None.

For Modes 1 and 2

BG, CY, DE, EE, ES, FR, FI, EL, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, PT, RO, SI and SE: Feedering services by authorisation.

For Modes 1 and 2

EU: Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland waterways (incl. agreements following the Rhine-Main-Danube link) reserve some traffic rights for operators based in the countries concerned and meeting nationality criteria regarding ownership. Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping.

AT: Nationality condition in order to set up a shipping company by natural persons. In the case of establishment as legal person, nationality condition for the majority of managing directors, the managing board and the supervisory board. Registered company or permanent establishment in Austria is required. In addition the majority of the business shares must be held by EU citizens.

BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, HR, HU, LT, MT, RO, SE, SI, SK: Unbound.

For Mode 1

EU: Unbound.

For Mode 2

None.