C/2026/1111

26.2.2026

Resolution by the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly on the challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems – towards a more sustainable future in EaP countries, as adopted on 30 October 2025

(C/2026/1111)

THE EURONEST PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY,

— having regard to the Constituent Act of the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly of 3 May 2011   ( 1 ) ,

— having regard to the joint declaration of the Eastern Partnership Summit held in Brussels on 15 December 2021,

— having regard to the joint communication of the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of 18 March 2020 entitled ‘Eastern Partnership policy beyond 2020: Reinforcing Resilience – an Eastern Partnership that delivers for all’ (JOIN(2020)0007),

— having regard to the Paris Agreement on climate change, adopted on 12 December 2015 and ratified by the European Union, to which the Eastern Partnership countries are also party,

— having regard to the Commission communication of 11 December 2019 on the European Green Deal (COM(2019)0640) and subsequent legislative proposals and actions,

— having regard to the Commission communication of 18 May 2022 entitled ‘REPowerEU Plan’ (COM(2022)0230),

— having regard to the respective Association Agreements between the EU and Georgia  ( 2 ) , the Republic of Moldova  ( 3 ) and Ukraine  ( 4 ) , and in particular provisions thereof on energy cooperation,

— having regard to the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Armenia, of the other part  ( 5 ) , and in particular the provisions thereof on energy cooperation,

— having regard to the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, of the other part  ( 6 ) , and to the ongoing negotiations on a new framework agreement,

— having regard to the Memorandum of Understanding on a Strategic Energy Partnership between the European Union together with the European Atomic Energy Community and Ukraine, signed on 24 November 2016, and to the Memorandum of Understanding between the European Union and Ukraine on a Strategic Partnership on Biomethane, Hydrogen and other Synthetic Gases, signed on 2 February 2023,

— having regard to the Treaty establishing the Energy Community, to which the three associated countries – Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Georgia – are contracting parties and Armenia is an observer,

— having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/947 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 June 2021 establishing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe, amending and repealing Decision No 466/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EU) 2017/1601 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 480/2009  ( 7 ) (NDICI – Global Europe),

— having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/1059 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 on specific provisions for the European territorial cooperation goal (Interreg) supported by the European Regional Development Fund and external financing instruments  ( 8 ) ,

— having regard to Decision (EU) 2022/1201 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2022 providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine  ( 9 ) , and to subsequent acts establishing macro-financial assistance for countries of the Eastern Partnership,

— having regard to the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+), established under Regulation (EU) 2021/947, and to the Neighbourhood Investment Platform as its regional investment mechanism,

— having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 establishing Erasmus+: the Union Programme for education, training, youth and sport and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013  ( 10 ) ,

— having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013  ( 11 ) ,

— having regard to the Council conclusions of 5 June 1997 establishing the Twinning instrument and to the subsequent Commission communications defining the Technical Assistance and Information Exchange instrument (TAIEX) as tools for institutional capacity building in partner countries,

— having regard to the work of Eastern Partnership Platform 3 on connectivity, energy efficiency, environment and climate change, and in particular the Energy Panel,

— having regard to its resolution of 16 April 2021 on ‘Towards energy efficiency, diversification and independence; addressing capacity needs for strengthening European energy policy and countering energy security threats in the Eastern Partnership’   ( 12 ) ,

— having regard to its resolution of 21 February 2023 on green energy transition as a response to the current energy security challenges in the Eastern Partnership in the context of Russia’s war of aggression and occupation  ( 13 ) ,

— having regard to its resolution of 20 March 2024 on the future of the Eastern Partnership policy in the aftermath of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine: the new regional security context, internal and external challenges and opportunities  ( 14 ) ,

— having regard to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and in particular to Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy, ‘to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’, and Goal 13 on climate action, ‘to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’;

A.

whereas the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries are facing growing and complex challenges in the field of energy security, particularly as a result of external threats, regional instability and the increasing politicisation of energy supply chains;

B.

whereas Russia’s ongoing illegal and unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine and its continued military occupation in the sovereign countries of Georgia and the Republic of Moldova have severely undermined regional stability and energy security, resulting in a sharp and sustained increase in energy prices, deepening energy poverty and threatening the economic resilience of both the EU and the EaP countries;

C.

whereas Russia’s deliberate and systematic attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure cause extensive destruction and severe damage to the country’s generation and transmission infrastructure, undermining the stability of its energy system; whereas Russia’s targeting of energy infrastructure in Ukraine and its manipulation of gas and oil supplies to neighbouring states constitute an ongoing threat to regional stability, demonstrating the use of energy as an instrument of coercion and geopolitical pressure; whereas international partners, including the EU and EaP countries, continue to provide essential assistance to support Ukraine in repairing, protecting and modernising its energy infrastructure;

D.

whereas Russia’s war of aggression has severely disrupted energy trade, logistics and investment flows across the EaP region, amplifying pressure and reducing fiscal space for investment in the green transition;

E.

whereas the rebuilding of energy systems damaged or destabilised by Russia requires coordinated EU-EaP reconstruction policies linking objectives in the fields of energy security, economic recovery and sustainable growth;

F.

whereas strengthening the resilience of EaP countries against energy coercion requires not only physical interconnections with the EU, but also regulatory convergence, cybersecurity protection and coordinated crisis response mechanisms;

G.

whereas Moldova and Ukraine have experienced severe disruptions in energy supply because of geopolitical conflicts and over-reliance on single-source imports, while Georgia and Armenia are taking steps to mitigate similar vulnerabilities through diversification and infrastructure development;

H.

whereas energy security is a fundamental component of national security for the EU and EaP countries; whereas it is important to increase connectivity, domestic renewable energy generation, energy efficiency and energy savings to enhance energy security and resilience, as well as to foster social, economic and political stability in the region;

I.

whereas strategic infrastructure, such as Moldova’s 400 kV Isaccea–Vulcănești–MGRES (Moldovan thermoelectric power plant) overhead power lines and the Black Sea Submarine Cable project, often passes through areas prone to geopolitical risk and operational disruption;

J.

whereas the EU and EaP countries must commit to building resilient energy systems through source diversification, technological upgrades and regional infrastructure integration tailored to national contexts;

K.

whereas the successful synchronisation of Ukraine and Moldova’s electricity systems with ENTSO-E in 2022 set a precedent for enhanced market integration that could be explored by other EaP countries;

L.

whereas investment in grid modernisation, renewable energy capacities and storage systems across EaP countries is essential to achieving long-term energy resilience; whereas modern and flexible energy infrastructure enables the integration of variable renewables, reduces dependence on fossil fuel imports and strengthens the capacity to respond to supply disruptions; whereas investment in these fields is particularly important in the context of the EaP, where energy systems require both structural transformation and enhanced regional cooperation to ensure sustainability and security;

M.

whereas Russia’s war against Ukraine has further increased the strategic role of the Black Sea region in the geopolitical competition for energy sources;

N.

whereas the current Georgian government supports cooperation with Rosneft to refine Russian oil at Georgia’s newly built Kulevi oil refinery;

O.

whereas cross-border projects such as the Black Sea Submarine Cable and Moldova’s interconnections with Romania contribute to shared security objectives across the EaP countries by diversifying energy supply routes, reducing geopolitical risks and strengthening regional resilience through enhanced market integration and mutual energy support;

P.

whereas fulfilling the Paris Agreement is a common commitment of the EU and the EaP countries; whereas the energy policies and strategies of the EU and the EaP countries should be aimed at reducing dependence on coal, oil and gas;

Q.

whereas dependence on fossil fuel imports remains a critical vulnerability, underlining the urgent need for supply diversification and a green transition; whereas this dependence exposes the EaP countries to price volatility, geopolitical pressures and supply disruptions, thereby weakening both energy security and economic stability; whereas accelerating the transition towards renewable energy and diversifying supply sources are therefore strategic imperatives for building more autonomous, resilient and sustainable energy systems;

R.

whereas stronger partnerships with reliable energy suppliers from the EaP region, including in the South Caucasus, are essential to ensuring the long-term diversification of energy routes and sources, particularly in the light of the EU’s efforts to phase out dependence on Russian gas and oil;

S.

whereas disinformation, cyberattacks and hybrid threats targeting the energy sector, perpetrated by Russia, necessitate coordinated institutional response mechanisms and regional solidarity frameworks in order to effectively mitigate risks, enhance critical infrastructure resilience and ensure the uninterrupted supply of energy across EaP countries;

T.

whereas increased domestic renewable energy generation and the development of storage solutions play a vital role in reducing external energy dependence, stabilising national energy balances and fostering long-term resilience;

U.

whereas some fossil fuels of Russian origin are still entering EU markets through intermediary countries, often mixed with fossil fuels from other sources or re-labelled to disguise their origin; whereas these practices undermine EU sanctions, slow down the transition to clean energy and create the false impression of a greener energy mix; whereas it is therefore crucial to strengthen transparency and traceability in energy supply chains to make sure that the shift towards renewables is real and is not used for political or commercial ‘greenwashing’;

V.

whereas the establishment of functioning electricity and gas markets requires a predictable and stable regulatory environment, transparent and fair pricing structures and independent oversight authorities to guarantee market integrity and consumer protection;

W.

whereas the empowerment of consumers and local communities through distributed energy production energy efficiency initiatives, and demand-side participation plays a transformative role in achieving sustainable and inclusive energy transitions;

X.

whereas a just transition requires targeted support measures and social safeguards that eradicate energy poverty and protect vulnerable households and workers from disproportionate impacts arising from structural reforms in the energy sector;

Y.

whereas stronger engagement in EU regional platforms enables structured policy dialogue, facilitates benchmarking of national progress and promotes the effective transfer among EaP countries of best practices in energy governance and regulation;

Z.

whereas energy sector reforms, undertaken with a view to achieving alignment with the EU acquis , are an integral part of strengthening democratic governance, upholding the rule of law and advancing sustainable economic development in EaP countries committed to deeper political association and economic integration with the EU;

AA.

whereas the EaP countries, given their strategic geographical location, possess significant potential to strengthen their roles as transit corridors and energy hubs for electricity, natural gas and low-carbon and renewable gases, thereby enhancing broader regional and European energy security;

AB.

whereas the integration of digitalisation, automation technologies and real-time monitoring systems substantially improves the resilience, operational transparency and overall efficiency of national and regional energy systems;

AC.

whereas Projects of Energy Community Interest, Projects of Common Interest, and Projects of Mutual Interest are key strategic tools for the EaP countries, serving as a driving force for the development, modernisation and digitalisation of energy infrastructure and contributing to the integration of these countries into the broader European energy market through enhanced connectivity, operational resilience and technological innovation;

AD.

whereas targeted investments in education, capacity-building and professional skills development for engineers, technical personnel, policymakers and energy managers are critical to sustaining the shift towards a low-carbon, technologically advanced energy economy;

AE.

whereas financing a successful energy transition will require the mobilisation of a range of financial resources, including national budgets, EU and international grants, concessional loans and private capital, alongside effective coordination mechanisms among donors and international financial institutions;

AF.

whereas the EaP countries’ energy sectors can benefit from the economic support provided by EU programmes, such as NDICI – Global Europe, Interreg NEXT, macro-financial assistance, EFSD+, Erasmus+, Horizon Europe and TAIEX;

1.

Condemns, in the strongest possible terms, Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, including its attacks on energy infrastructure, and the use of energy as a geopolitical weapon by authoritarian regimes, particularly Russia; calls on the EaP countries to coordinate closely with the EU and like-minded democratic partners to prevent, deter and respond effectively to political coercion via energy supply disruptions, and to work together towards energy sovereignty within a strong European Energy Union;

2.

Emphasises the importance of continued support for the restoration of the Ukrainian energy infrastructure that was destroyed or damaged by Russia’s ongoing aggression;

3.

Supports the accelerated development of critical infrastructure, including interconnectors, transmission networks, smart grids and storage solutions, and calls for targeted technical and financial assistance from the EU and international partners to facilitate these projects;

4.

Commends Ukraine’s ongoing efforts to sustain and strengthen its energy resilience in the face of numerous brutal targeted attacks by Russia on its energy infrastructure;

5.

Supports Moldova’s efforts to diversify its energy sources and imports; calls for increased EU support in financing diversification, securing alternative imports and increasing Moldova’s domestic energy generation;

6.

Recommends the expansion, beyond the current 2,1 GW, of the commercial capacity for electricity trade between the EU and the Ukraine-Moldova interconnected system, with a proportional increase in Moldova’s allocation (currently approximately 300 MW), in order to build additional resilience in the energy sectors of both countries and reduce their vulnerability to hybrid warfare pressures and propaganda;

7.

Supports the modernisation of electricity distribution grids, particularly the roll-out of smart metering systems, to accelerate decentralised electricity generation, enable consumer participation in the market, mitigate energy poverty, expand charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, and enhance the quality, reliability and security of the power supply;

8.

Recommends a rapid diversification of energy sources and routes, prioritising access to liquefied natural gas, the integration of renewable energy sources, the development and strengthening of new and reliable supply corridors and an increase in cross-border electricity trade to reduce dependence on single-source suppliers;

9.

Calls for an increase in specific investments under the NDICI – Global Europe instrument to support the energy sector, with a focus on transitioning towards renewable energy, improving energy efficiency in housing and industry and aligning regulatory frameworks with the EU acquis , thereby reducing dependence on Russian fossil fuels and enhancing resilience to external shocks;

10.

Calls on the Commission and international financial institutions to extend macro-financial assistance packages beyond immediate budgetary support, linking them with targeted investment components for energy infrastructure rehabilitation and industrial modernisation in the EaP region;

11.

Expresses its concern about Georgia and Russia’s developing cooperation on oil refining, which, at the same time, supports the circumvention of sanctions against Russia;

12.

Proposes that the Neighbourhood Investment Platform and EFSD+ should prioritise reconstruction projects that seek to rebuild critical energy and transport infrastructure destroyed or damaged by Russian aggression, ensuring transparency, sustainability and alignment with the EU acquis ;

13.

Recommends the gradual integration of the remaining EaP electricity systems into the European grid (ENTSO-E), following the successful example of Ukraine and Moldova, to reduce technical isolation and dependence on Russian and Belarusian systems;

14.

Recommends that the EU dedicate part of its Ukraine Facility funds to rebuilding critical energy infrastructure destroyed by Russian attacks, prioritising smart grids, storage capacity and renewable micro-grids to ensure decentralised resilience;

15.

Urges the EaP governments to implement binding national targets for reducing energy intensity, supported by energy audits, industrial efficiency programmes and EU technical assistance under the Eastern Partnership Economic and Investment Plan;

16.

Recommends that the EU and its EaP partners identify priority investment corridors for solar and wind projects, on the basis of their geographical and climatic potential, with support from the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

17.

Recalls the strategic importance of the investments made under Interreg NEXT cross-border cooperation and highlights the fact that EaP partner regions may benefit from joint energy projects, such as the construction of cross-border electricity interconnectors, the development of small-scale renewable generation facilities in rural border areas, and coordinated strategies for energy security and sustainable resource management;

18.

Highlights the fact that macro-financial assistance can contribute to the stabilisation of public finances and thus enable EaP governments to implement structural reforms in the energy sector, including tariff reforms, the liberalisation of electricity and gas markets and the creation of transparent regulatory bodies aligned with EU standards;

19.

Calls on the Commission and the national authorities of the EaP countries to scale up the Neighbourhood Investment Platform blending mechanism to mobilise private and public financing for major energy infrastructure projects, such as interconnectors linking EaP countries with the EU grid, large-scale renewable power plants and energy efficiency investment schemes for small and medium-sized enterprises;

20.

Calls for the EU and partner countries to further promote strategic energy corridors connecting the EaP region with the EU, enhancing resilience and contributing to secure, predictable and diversified energy supply chains;

21.

Calls on all EaP governments to fully implement market reforms aligning with EU energy legislation, ensuring transparent pricing structures, fair competition and robust consumer protection;

22.

Urges the EU to support civil society and transparency initiatives, including anti-corruption watchdogs and independent monitoring organisations, as important instruments to increase internal pressure to carry out reforms aimed at increasing transparency, bolstering the rule of law and promoting open economy, and thus creating a favourable environment for the necessary investment in the energy sectors of the EaP countries;

23.

Calls for greater investment in energy efficiency measures and modern district heating networks, focusing particularly on vulnerable urban and rural communities disproportionately impacted by energy poverty;

24.

Encourages the establishment of regional balancing markets and reserve-sharing mechanisms to enhance system flexibility, stability and resilience during supply interruptions and demand fluctuations;

25.

Stresses the importance of developing local renewable energy industries and fostering innovation ecosystems to encourage regional cooperation and the exchange of expertise on clean energy technologies;

26.

Emphasises that a technologically neutral approach is necessary for achieving a sustainable and secure energy transition, allowing EU Member States and partner countries to combine renewables with low-carbon and transitional energy sources, including natural gas, hydrogen and innovative nuclear technologies, in line with their specific national characteristics and their energy security needs;

27.

Proposes scaling up education and training programmes, through Erasmus+, Horizon Europe and TAIEX, to build capacities in energy regulation, technical engineering, cyber resilience and sustainable energy transition management across the EaP countries;

28.

Calls for the EU and international financial institutions to substantially increase the direct financial support awarded to decarbonisation and resilience-building infrastructure projects throughout the EaP region;

29.

Highlights the importance of strengthening industrial partnerships and private investment frameworks between the EU and EaP energy sectors in order to foster innovation, job creation and technological exchange, thus contributing to a competitive and resilient energy market;

30.

Recommends formalising structured dialogue and coordination platforms between EaP and EU countries to regularly exchange best practices on energy security policies, market integration and crisis response mechanisms;

31.

Calls on EU and EaP decision-makers, taking into account the significant vulnerabilities of the non-independent energy sectors in EaP countries and the escalation of hybrid warfare exploiting these vulnerabilities, to organise face-to-face discussions to keep the energy sector high on the agenda; recommends that at least one annual offline event be held for EaP and EU decision-makers in the energy field in order to facilitate dialogue between them;

32.

Calls for the establishment of independent and fully transparent national energy regulators across the EaP region, ensuring compliance with the Energy Community acquis and preventing monopolistic or politically motivated practices in energy supply;

33.

Encourages the provision of targeted EU funding for modernising or rehabilitating energy-intensive industrial sectors, such as metallurgy, cement and chemicals, in order to align with EU Emission Trading System benchmarks and improve CO 2 productivity;

34.

Emphasises the need for a systemic approach to interrelated energy systems in policy documents;

35.

Underlines that the sustainable transition must go hand in hand with economic competitiveness and energy affordability for households and businesses, ensuring that climate objectives are pursued without undermining industrial development or social cohesion;

36.

Emphasises the need for the energy mix to be designed appropriately, taking into consideration the variability, availability, affordability and sustainability of each energy source;

37.

Emphasises the need for sufficient electricity balancing facilities to ensure continuity of electricity supply in renewable-dominated power systems;

38.

Emphasises the need to empower consumers, promote distributed generation and facilitate the aggregation of prosumers and consumers into renewable energy communities and citizen energy communities;

39.

Supports the widespread deployment of smart meters, digital grid management and data analytics systems in order to optimise energy distribution efficiency and boost demand-side flexibility;

40.

Encourages partnerships between municipalities and cities across the EaP countries for the implementation of Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans, fostering localised sustainable energy development;

41.

Welcomes initiatives establishing national and regional green investment funds dedicated to mobilising resources for renewable energy, energy efficiency enhancements and the alleviation of energy poverty;

42.

Calls for stronger regulatory authorities in EaP countries to guarantee independent oversight, impartial dispute resolution and rigorous enforcement of market regulations;

43.

Supports enhanced collaboration between universities and research centres in EaP countries and their EU counterparts, particularly in advanced fields such as those hydrogen technologies with the highest environmental and societal benefits, offshore wind, and circular energy systems;

44.

Emphasises the need to integrate gender equality and youth engagement into all energy policies, programmes and institutional decision-making processes;

45.

Stresses that good governance, transparency, the rule of law, and efforts to fight corruption are essential preconditions for achieving an effective energy transition and attracting sustainable investment in the energy sector;

46.

Reiterates the strategic importance of developing regional early warning systems capable of rapidly identifying and responding to energy supply disruptions, infrastructure breakdowns and coordinated hybrid threats;

47.

Calls on the EaP countries to expedite the phase-out of obsolete fossil-fuel-based technologies and prioritise investment in modern low-carbon generation infrastructure;

48.

Urges the EU to sustain dedicated funding streams under NDICI – Global Europe and the Neighbourhood Investment Platform, specifically focused on enhancing energy security and resilience across the EaP region;

49.

Advocates harmonising technical standards and certification processes for cross-border energy infrastructure and renewable energy trade to facilitate smoother regional integration;

50.

Proposes conducting joint vulnerability assessments and scenario-based exercises between EaP and EU countries to strengthen regional preparedness and coordinated response capabilities;

51.

Stresses the critical role of sustained natural gas transit through Ukraine, while both encouraging the proactive development of long-term alternative transit solutions and emphasising the strategic importance of developing the trans-Balkan gas corridor as a vital supply route for Moldova, Ukraine and the Balkan countries;

52.

Stresses the strategic importance of the South Caucasus for European energy security; highlights the need for long-term investment in modernising the energy infrastructure and strengthening intra- and interregional connectivity, including through the Green Energy Corridor, with the aim of achieving the region’s full potential as a major energy hub and a transit route between Central Asia and Europe;

53.

Recommends that the EU consider establishing dedicated funding mechanisms for Projects of Energy Community Interest to effectively bridge existing funding gaps, thereby facilitating the timely implementation of critical infrastructure projects essential for regional energy integration and security of supply;

54.

Encourages the EU to review and refine the evaluation criteria for cross-border Projects of Common Interest and Projects of Mutual Interest to ensure that the strategic benefits for non-EU Energy Community members are adequately recognised and equitably integrated into decision-making processes, thus promoting stronger regional cooperation and comprehensive energy integration;

55.

Recommends fostering public-private partnerships to attract and leverage private capital investment in clean energy projects, supported by effective risk-sharing instruments and blended financing schemes;

56.

Recalls that the allocation of EU resources to the EaP countries is conditional on full respect for the human rights and democratic principles enshrined in the EU-EaP agreements, and that compliance with these fundamental values is a prerequisite for participation in EU-funded programmes;

57.

Highlights that all these measures are intended to strengthen the energy independence of the EaP countries from Russia and its national authorities, given Russia’s blatant invasion and war of aggression against Ukraine and its continuous interference and threats directed at Georgia, Moldova and other EaP partners;

58.

Instructs its Co-Presidents to forward this resolution to the President of the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Commissioner for Enlargement, the European External Action Service, and the governments and parliaments of the EU Member States and the Eastern Partnership countries.

( 1 )    OJ C 198, 6.7.2011, p. 4 .

( 2 )   Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part ( OJ L 261, 30.8.2014, p. 4 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2014/494/oj ).

( 3 )   Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part ( OJ L 260, 30.8.2014, p. 4 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2014/492/oj ).

( 4 )   Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part ( OJ L 161, 29.5.2014, p. 3 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2014/295/oj ).

( 5 )    OJ L 23, 26.1.2018, p. 4 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2018/104/oj .

( 6 )   Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, of the other part – Protocol on mutual assistance between authorities in customs matters – Final Act – Joint Declarations – Exchange of Letters in relation to the establishment of companies – Declaration of the French Government ( OJ L 246, 17.9.1999, p. 3 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/1999/614/oj ).

( 7 )   Regulation (EU) 2021/947 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 June 2021 establishing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe, amending and repealing Decision No 466/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EU) 2017/1601 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 480/2009 ( OJ L 209, 14.6.2021, p. 1 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/947/oj ).

( 8 )    OJ L 231, 30.6.2021, p. 94 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/1059/oj .

( 9 )    OJ L 186, 13.7.2022, p. 1 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2022/1201/oj .

( 10 )    OJ L 189, 28.5.2021, p. 1 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/817/oj .

( 11 )    OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 1 , ELI:  http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/695/oj .

( 12 )    OJ C 361, 8.9.2021, p. 20 .

( 13 )    OJ C 229, 29.6.2023, p. 16 .

( 14 )    OJ C, C/2024/3821, 19.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/3821/oj .

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2026/1111/oj

ISSN 1977-091X (electronic edition)